| Concepts from Thermodynamics | |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| Thermodynamic Systems | p. 2 |
| Variables of State | p. 3 |
| The First Principal Law | p. 4 |
| Irreversible and Reversible Processes | p. 6 |
| Perfect Gases | p. 7 |
| The First Law Applied to Reversible Processes. Specific Heats | p. 10 |
| The First Law Applied to Irreversible Processes | p. 14 |
| The Concept of Entropy. The Second Law | p. 17 |
| The Canonical Equation of State. Free Energy and Free Enthalpy | p. 20 |
| Reciprocity Relations | p. 22 |
| Entropy and Transport Processes | p. 23 |
| Equilibrium Conditions | p. 24 |
| Mixtures of Perfect Gases | p. 25 |
| The Law of Mass Action | p. 27 |
| Dissociation | p. 29 |
| Condensation | p. 33 |
| Real Gases in Gasdynamics | p. 34 |
| One-Dimensional Gasdynamics | |
| Introduction | p. 39 |
| The Continuity Equation | p. 40 |
| The Energy Equation | p. 41 |
| Reservoir Conditions | p. 43 |
| Euler's Equation | p. 45 |
| The Momentum Equation | p. 47 |
| Isentropic Conditions | p. 49 |
| Speed of Sound; Mach Number | p. 50 |
| The Area-Velocity Relation | p. 51 |
| Results from the Energy Equation | p. 53 |
| Bernoulli Equation; Dynamic Pressure | p. 55 |
| Flow at Constant Area | p. 56 |
| The Normal Shock Relations for a Perfect Gas | p. 57 |
| One-Dimensional Wave Motion | |
| Introduction | p. 62 |
| The Propagating Shock Wave | p. 62 |
| One-Dimensional Isentropic Equations | p. 65 |
| The Acoustic Equations | p. 67 |
| Propagation of Acoustic Waves | p. 68 |
| The Speed of Sound | p. 69 |
| Pressure and Particle Velocity in a Sound Wave | p. 71 |
| "Linearized" Shock Tube | p. 72 |
| Isentropic Waves of Finite Amplitude | p. 74 |
| Propagation of Finite Waves | p. 76 |
| Centered Expansion Wave | p. 78 |
| The Shock Tube | p. 79 |
| Waves in Supersonic Flow | |
| Introduction | p. 84 |
| Oblique Shock Waves | p. 85 |
| Relation Between [beta] and [theta] | p. 86 |
| Supersonic Flow over a Wedge | p. 88 |
| Mach Lines | p. 89 |
| Piston Analogy | p. 91 |
| Weak Oblique Shocks | p. 92 |
| Supersonic Compression by Turning | p. 93 |
| Supersonic Expansion by Turning | p. 97 |
| The Prandtl-Meyer Function | p. 98 |
| Simple and Nonsimple Regions | p. 100 |
| Reflection and Intersection of Oblique Shocks | p. 101 |
| Intersection of Shocks of the Same Family | p. 102 |
| Detached Shocks | p. 103 |
| Mach Reflection | p. 106 |
| Shock-Expansion Theory | p. 107 |
| Thin Airfoil Theory | p. 109 |
| Flat Lifting Wings | p. 113 |
| Drag Reduction | p. 115 |
| The Hodograph Plane | p. 118 |
| Cone in Supersonic Flow | p. 120 |
| Flow in Ducts and Wind Tunnels | |
| Introduction | p. 124 |
| Flow in Channel of Varying Area | p. 124 |
| Area Relations | p. 125 |
| Nozzle Flow | p. 127 |
| Normal Shock Recovery | p. 130 |
| Effects of Second Throat | p. 131 |
| Actual Performance of Wind Tunnel Diffusers | p. 133 |
| Wind Tunnel Pressure Ratio | p. 133 |
| Supersonic Wind Tunnels | p. 136 |
| Wind Tunnel Characteristics | p. 137 |
| Compressor Matching | p. 139 |
| Other Wind Tunnels and Testing Methods | p. 142 |
| Methods of Measurement | |
| Introduction | p. 144 |
| Static Pressure | p. 144 |
| Total Pressure | p. 147 |
| Mach Number from Pressure Measurements | p. 148 |
| Wedge and Cone Measurements | p. 149 |
| Velocity | p. 150 |
| Temperature and Heat Transfer Measurements | p. 151 |
| Density Measurements | p. 153 |
| Index of Refraction | p. 153 |
| Schlieren System | p. 157 |
| The Knife Edge | p. 159 |
| Some Practical Considerations | p. 161 |
| The Shadow Method | p. 162 |
| Interference Method | p. 164 |
| Mach-Zehnder Interferometer | p. 165 |
| Interferometer Techniques | p. 168 |
| X-Ray Absorption and Other Methods | p. 170 |
| Direct Measurement of Skin Friction | p. 171 |
| Hot-Wire Probe | p. 172 |
| Shock Tube Instrumentation | p. 177 |
| The Equations of Frictionless Flow | |
| Introduction | p. 178 |
| Notation | p. 178 |
| The Equation of Continuity | p. 180 |
| The Momentum Equation | p. 182 |
| The Energy Equation | p. 185 |
| The Eulerian Derivative | p. 186 |
| Splitting the Energy Equation | p. 188 |
| The Total Enthalpy | p. 190 |
| Natural Coordinates. Crocco's Theorem | p. 191 |
| Relation of Vorticity to Circulation and Rotation | p. 194 |
| The Velocity Potential | p. 196 |
| Irrotational Flow | p. 197 |
| Remarks on the Equations of Motion | p. 200 |
| Small-Perturbation Theory | |
| Introduction | p. 202 |
| Derivation of the Pertubation Equations | p. 203 |
| Pressure Coefficient | p. 206 |
| Boundary Conditions | p. 206 |
| Two-Dimensional Flow Past a Wave-Shaped Wall | p. 208 |
| Wavy Wall in Supersonic Flow | p. 212 |
| Supersonic Thin Airfoil Theory | p. 215 |
| Planar Flows | p. 216 |
| Bodies of Revolution. Slender Body Theory | |
| Introduction | p. 218 |
| Cylindrical Coordinates | p. 219 |
| Boundary Conditions | p. 221 |
| Pressure Coefficient | p. 224 |
| Axially Symmetric Flow | p. 224 |
| Subsonic Flow | p. 226 |
| Supersonic Flow | p. 226 |
| Velocities in the Supersonic Field | p. 229 |
| Solution for A Cone | p. 230 |
| Other Meridian Shapes | p. 232 |
| Solution for Slender Cone | p. 233 |
| Slender Body Drag | p. 235 |
| Yawed Body of Revolution in Supersonic Flow | p. 239 |
| Cross-Flow Boundary Conditions | p. 241 |
| Cross-Flow Solutions | p. 242 |
| Cross Flow for Slender Bodies of Revolution | p. 242 |
| Lift of Slender Bodies of Revolution | p. 243 |
| Slender Body Theory | p. 246 |
| Rayleigh's Formula | p. 247 |
| The Similarity Rules of High-Speed Flow | |
| Introduction | p. 252 |
| Two-Dimensional Linearized Flow. Prandtl-Glauert and Gothert Rules | p. 253 |
| Two-Dimensional Transonic Flow. von Karman's Rules | p. 256 |
| Linearized Axially Symmetric Flow | p. 258 |
| Planar Flow | p. 260 |
| Summary and Application of the Similarity Laws | p. 262 |
| High Mach Numbers. Hypersonic Similarity | p. 263 |
| Transonic Flow | |
| Introduction | p. 270 |
| Definition of the Transonic Range | p. 270 |
| Transonic Flow Past Wedge Sections | p. 271 |
| Transonic Flow Past A Cone | p. 276 |
| Transonic Flow Past Smooth Two-Dimensional Shapes. The Question of Shock-Free Flow | p. 278 |
| The Hodograph Transformation of the Equations | p. 280 |
| The Method of Characteristics | |
| Introduction | p. 284 |
| Hyperbolic Equations | p. 285 |
| The Compatibility Relation | p. 285 |
| The Computation Method | p. 288 |
| Interior and Boundary Points | p. 291 |
| Axially Symmetric Flow | p. 292 |
| Nonisentropic Flow | p. 295 |
| Theorems about Plane Flow | p. 296 |
| Computation with Weak, Finite Waves | p. 298 |
| Interaction of Waves | p. 299 |
| Design of Supersonic Nozzles | p. 301 |
| Comparison of Characteristics and Waves | p. 304 |
| Effects of Viscosity and Conductivity | |
| Introduction | p. 305 |
| Couette Flow | p. 306 |
| Recovery Temperature | p. 310 |
| Velocity Distribution in Couette Flow | p. 311 |
| Rayleigh's Problem. The Diffusion of Vorticity | p. 313 |
| The Boundary-Layer Concept | p. 316 |
| Prandtl's Equations for a Flat Plate | p. 319 |
| Characteristic Results from the Boundary-Layer Equation | p. 320 |
| The Displacement Effect of the Boundary Layer. Momentum and Energy Integrals | p. 323 |
| Change of Variables | p. 325 |
| Boundary Layers on Profiles Other than a Flat Plate | p. 326 |
| Flow through a Shock Wave | p. 329 |
| The Navier-Stokes Equations | p. 332 |
| The Turbulent Boundary Layer | p. 338 |
| Boundary-Layer Effects on the External Flow Field | p. 340 |
| Shock-Wave Boundary-Layer Interaction | p. 342 |
| Turbulence | p. 346 |
| Couette Flow of a Dissociating Gas | p. 348 |
| Concepts from Gaskinetics | |
| Introduction | p. 353 |
| Probability Concepts | p. 355 |
| Distribution Functions | p. 359 |
| The Virial Theorem of Clausius | p. 361 |
| The Equation of State of a Perfect Gas | p. 362 |
| The Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution | p. 363 |
| The Specific Heats of Gases | p. 366 |
| Molecular Collisions. Mean Free Path and Relaxation Times | p. 369 |
| Shear Viscosity and Heat Conduction | p. 372 |
| Couette Flow of a Highly Rarefied Gas | p. 373 |
| The Concepts of Slip and Accommodation | p. 376 |
| Relaxation Effects of the Internal Degrees of Freedom | p. 378 |
| The Limit of Continuum Theory | p. 380 |
| Exercises | p. 383 |
| Selected References | p. 403 |
| Tables | |
| Critical Data and Characteristic Temperatures for Several Gases | p. 405 |
| Flow Parameters versus M for Subsonic Flow | p. 406 |
| Flow Parameters versus M for Supersonic Flow | p. 409 |
| Parameters for Shock Flow | p. 418 |
| Mach Number and Mach Angle versus Prandtl-Meyer Function | p. 425 |
| Charts | |
| Oblique Shock Chart | p. 428 |
| Oblique Shock Chart | p. 430 |
| Appendix | p. 433 |
| Index | p. 437 |
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