

Instant online reading.
Don't wait for delivery!
Environmental Sampling and Analysis for Metals
By: Csaba Csuros, Maria Csuros
Paperback | 1 July 2002 | Edition Number 1
At a Glance
404 Pages
25.4 x 17.8 x 2.54
Paperback
RRP $378.00
$314.25
17%OFF
or 4 interest-free payments of $78.56 with
orAvailable for Backorder. We will order this from our supplier however there isn't a current ETA.
Determination of metals is a major part of the work of environmental testing laboratories. EPA and DEP methodology releases provide information only for selected areas of metals sampling and analysis, and their language makes them unsuitable for teaching and training purposes. Environmental Sampling and Analysis for Metals is a comprehensive and easy-to-read text for laboratory technicians and analytical chemists who need a guide for analyzing metals in environmental samples and a reference for analytical and quality control procedures.
The book provides both theoretical and practical applications in metals analysis of environmental samples and incorporates the latest in analytical techniques, instrumentation, and regulations. Topics include sample collection, preservation, step-by-step analytical procedures, complete QA/QC requirements, data validation, and more. It also provides an overview of the occurrence, source, and fate of metallic substances in the environment, as well as their control by regulations and standards. Furthermore, the authors provide guidelines to help you prepare and understand reports. The analytical methods presented in Environmental Sampling and Analysis for Metals will be useful to anyone who produces, uses, or evaluates analytical data, and will be a valuable tool in environmental education and training programs.
Introduction to Metals | |
Introduction to Elements | p. 1 |
Periodic Table of Elements | p. 4 |
Properties of Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids | p. 9 |
Early History of Metal Use | p. 11 |
Sources of Metals and Their Compounds | p. 11 |
Sources of Metal Pollution | p. 11 |
Discussion of Metallic Elements | |
Representative Elements | p. 13 |
Transition Metals | p. 20 |
Metalloids | p. 31 |
Heavy Metals | p. 31 |
Metallic Substances Essential to Life | p. 32 |
Toxicity of Metals | |
General Discussion of Toxicity | p. 39 |
Metal Toxicity | p. 44 |
Toxic Effects of Selected Representative Metals | p. 46 |
Toxicity of Selected Transition Metals | p. 50 |
Toxicity of Selected Metalloids | p. 55 |
Standards Related to Metallic Pollutants | |
Environmental Law | p. 59 |
Drinking Water Standards | p. 61 |
Surfacewater Standards | p. 67 |
Agriculturally Used Waters | p. 69 |
Industrial Waters | p. 71 |
Waste Characterization | p. 72 |
Hazardous Waste Characterization | p. 73 |
Air Pollution and Control | p. 74 |
ISO 14001 and Environmental Law | p. 77 |
Fundamentals of Spectroscopy | |
Early History of the Nature of Light | p. 79 |
Electromagnetic Radiation | p. 80 |
Continuous and Line Spectra | p. 82 |
Absorption and Emission | p. 83 |
Beer's Law | p. 85 |
Atomic Spectroscopy Techniques | p. 86 |
Molecular Spectrophotometry | |
Molecular Absorption and Color | p. 89 |
Molecular Absorption Spectrophotometry | p. 89 |
Single-Beam and Double-Beam Spectrophotometers | p. 93 |
Type of Spectrophotometers | p. 94 |
Summary of Molecular Spectrophotometry | p. 97 |
Spectrophotometer Calibration | p. 97 |
Performance Check of UV/Vis and IR Spectrophotometer | p. 100 |
Maintenance of the UV/Vis and IR Spectrophotometers | p. 101 |
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry | |
Introduction | p. 103 |
Steps in the Atomic Absorption Process | p. 104 |
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer Components | p. 105 |
Single- and Double-Beam Instruments | p. 109 |
Atomic Absorption Measurement Terms | p. 109 |
Techniques in AAS Measurement | p. 112 |
Interference in AAS Techniques | p. 113 |
Safety in AAS Work | p. 118 |
Quality Control | p. 118 |
Maintenance of AA Spectrophotometers | p. 118 |
AAS Performance Checks | p. 119 |
Sample Collection and Sample Preparation | p. 119 |
Direct Aspiration or Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS) | |
Principle | p. 121 |
Direct Air-Acetylene Flame Method | p. 121 |
Direct Nitrous Oxide-Acetylene Flame Method | p. 124 |
Interferences, Safety, and Quality Control Requirements in FAAS | p. 126 |
Maintenance of FAA Spectrophotometer | p. 126 |
Performance Check of FAA Spectrophotometer | p. 126 |
Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry | |
General Discussion | p. 129 |
Apparatus | p. 130 |
Analysis by Graphite Furnace Spectrophotometer | p. 132 |
Interferences and the Graphite Furnace | p. 135 |
Stabilized Temperature Platform Furnace (STPF) | p. 139 |
Quality Control Requirements | p. 140 |
Maintenance of Graphite Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer | p. 140 |
Performance Check of Graphite Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer | p. 140 |
Cold-Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectrometry | |
General Discussion | p. 143 |
Apparatus | p. 144 |
Procedure | p. 145 |
Interference | p. 149 |
Quality Control Requirements | p. 150 |
Calculations and Reporting | p. 150 |
Safety | p. 151 |
Hydride-Generation Atomic Absorption Technique | |
Principle | p. 153 |
Application | p. 153 |
Apparatuses and Materials | p. 154 |
Interferences | p. 157 |
Sample Collection, Preservation, and Handling | p. 158 |
Preparation of Samples and Standards for Total Arsenic and Selenium | p. 158 |
Procedure | p. 158 |
Quality Control Requirements | p. 159 |
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy | |
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (AES) | p. 161 |
General Characteristics of ICP-AES | p. 162 |
ICP-AES Instrumentation | p. 166 |
Interferences in ICP-AES | p. 172 |
Reagents and Standards | p. 174 |
Procedure | p. 175 |
Quality Control | p. 178 |
Quality Control in Metals Analysis | |
General Discussion | p. 179 |
Glassware Used in Metals Analysis | p. 179 |
Chemicals | p. 180 |
Laboratory-Pure Water | p. 180 |
Field Quality Control | p. 181 |
Instrument Calibration | p. 184 |
Instrument Performance Check | p. 190 |
Laboratory QC Checks | p. 192 |
Detection Limits | p. 194 |
Accuracy and Precision | p. 196 |
Sample Collection for Metals Analysis | |
General Considerations in Sampling | p. 203 |
Automatic Samplers | p. 205 |
Sample Containers | p. 206 |
Sample Preservation | p. 207 |
Special Sampling Procedures | p. 207 |
Holding Time | p. 208 |
Field Records | p. 208 |
Field Quality Control | p. 214 |
Sample Collection from Different Matrices | p. 216 |
Sample Preparation for Metals Analysis | |
General Discussion | p. 227 |
Digestion Procedures for Metals | p. 228 |
Acid Digestion for Total and Dissolved Metals | p. 233 |
Acid Digestion of Aqueous Samples and Extracts for Total Metals by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS) and Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) Analyzer | p. 234 |
Acid Digestion of Aqueous Samples and Extracts for Total Metals by Graphite Furnace Spectroscopy (GrAAS) | p. 234 |
Sample Preparation for Arsenic and Selenium Determination by Graphite Furnace Spectroscopy (GrAAS) | p. 235 |
Sample Preparation for Silver Determination | p. 236 |
Sample Preparation for Antimony Determination | p. 236 |
Sample Preparation for Mercury Determination (Cold-Vapor Technique) | p. 236 |
Acid Digestion of Sediments, Sludges, and Soils for Total Metals Analysis | p. 237 |
Dissolution Procedure for Oils, Greases, and Waxes | p. 239 |
Sample Preparation for Hexavalent Chromium (Chelation/Extraction) | p. 239 |
Extraction Procedure (EP) Toxicity | p. 241 |
Extraction Procedure for Oily Wastes | p. 244 |
Documentation during Sample Preparation | p. 246 |
Disposal of Samples, Digestates, Extracts, and Other Wastes | p. 246 |
Converting Raw Data Into Reportable Form | |
Responsibilities of the Analyst | p. 249 |
Calculations for Final Values | p. 250 |
Records for Raw and Calculated Data | p. 256 |
Evaluation and Approval of Analytical Data | p. 260 |
Reporting Analytical Data | |
Required Documentation | p. 265 |
Significant Figures in Analytical Reports | p. 266 |
Units Used To Express Analytical Results | p. 266 |
Confidence Interval | p. 267 |
Report Format | p. 267 |
Selected Methods for Determination of Metals in Environmental Samples | |
Methodology | p. 269 |
Aluminum | p. 271 |
Antimony | p. 273 |
Arsenic | p. 274 |
Barium | p. 276 |
Beryllium | p. 277 |
Bismuth | p. 279 |
Cadmium | p. 279 |
Calcium | p. 280 |
Chromium | p. 285 |
Hexavalent Chromium | p. 286 |
Cobalt | p. 289 |
Copper | p. 290 |
Iron | p. 291 |
Lead | p. 292 |
Lithium | p. 293 |
Magnesium | p. 293 |
Manganese | p. 293 |
Mercury | p. 294 |
Molybdenum | p. 294 |
Nickel | p. 296 |
Potassium | p. 296 |
Selenium | p. 297 |
Silver | p. 299 |
Sodium | p. 300 |
Thallium | p. 300 |
Tin | p. 301 |
Vanadium | p. 302 |
Zinc | p. 303 |
Laboratory Safety Rules | |
Laboratory Hazards | p. 305 |
Safe Handling of Compressed Gases | p. 309 |
Stockroom Safety Rules | p. 310 |
Summary of Laboratory Safety Rules | p. 311 |
Appendices | |
Operation of Mass Spectrophotometer | p. 313 |
Silicon Chips | p. 317 |
Lasers | p. 321 |
Metals and Plants | p. 323 |
Toxicity of Cyanide | p. 333 |
Components of Nucleic Acid | p. 335 |
Polarized Light | p. 339 |
Stock Metal Solutions | p. 341 |
Calculation for Solid Matrices | p. 345 |
Plasma | p. 347 |
Soxhlet Extraction | p. 349 |
SI Units and Conversion Factors | p. 351 |
References | p. 353 |
Index | p. 355 |
Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved. |
ISBN: 9781566705721
ISBN-10: 156670572X
Published: 1st July 2002
Format: Paperback
Language: English
Number of Pages: 404
Audience: Professional and Scholarly
Publisher: Taylor & Francis Inc
Country of Publication: GB
Edition Number: 1
Dimensions (cm): 25.4 x 17.8 x 2.54
Weight (kg): 0.71
Shipping
Standard Shipping | Express Shipping | |
---|---|---|
Metro postcodes: | $9.99 | $14.95 |
Regional postcodes: | $9.99 | $14.95 |
Rural postcodes: | $9.99 | $14.95 |
How to return your order
At Booktopia, we offer hassle-free returns in accordance with our returns policy. If you wish to return an item, please get in touch with Booktopia Customer Care.
Additional postage charges may be applicable.
Defective items
If there is a problem with any of the items received for your order then the Booktopia Customer Care team is ready to assist you.
For more info please visit our Help Centre.