Section 1: Physiology of Cardiovascular response to exercise and cardiac remodelling
1.1 - Cardiovascular induced by exercise
1.1.1: Sanjay Sharma and Andrew D'Silva: Physiology of exercise
1.2 - Long term adaptation to exercise: athlete's heart and vascular adaptations
1.2.1: Stefano Caselli and Antonio Pelliccia: Structural and functional adaptations in the athlete's heart
1.2.2: Nabeel Sheikh: Impact of sporting discipline, gender, ethnicity and genetics on the athlete's heart
1.2.3: Graham Stuart and Guido E Pieles: The athlete's heart in children and adolescents
1.2.4: Stephan Gielen, M. Harold Laughlin, and Dirk J. Duncker: The vascular remodelling
Section 2: Clinical evaluation of the athlete's heart
2.1 - History and physical examination
2.1.1: Maurizio Schiavon, Domenico Corrado, and Alessandro Zorzi: History and physical examination
2.2 - The electrocardiogram in the athlete
2.2.1: Alessandro Zorzi and Domenico Corrado: The electrocardiogram in the athlete
2.2.2: Ricardo Stein and Victor Froelicher: Common ECG patterns of the athlete's heart
2.2.3: Michael Papadakis and Harshil Dhutia: Overlap ECG patterns in athlete's heart and cardiomyopathies
Section 3: Additional testing in the evaluation of the athlete's heart
3.1 - Exercise testing
3.1.1: Paolo Emilio Adami and Marco Guazzi: Protocols of exercise testing in athletes and cardiopulmonary testing: assessment of the fitness
3.1.2: Francois Carre and Frederic Schnell: Evaluation of ischemia, blood pressure, QT interval and arrhythmias
3.2 - Arrythmias registration
3.2.1: Mahdi Sareban and Josef Niebauer: Ambulatory (24-h Holter monitoring, event recorders) and signal-averaged ECG for arrhythmia registration in the athlete's heart
3.2.2: Matthias Antz: Class-1 anti arrythmic drug provocation test
3.2.3: Matthias Antz: Electrophysiological study
3.3 - Imaging of the athlete's heart: anatomical and functional
3.3.1: Stefano Caselli and Flavio D'Ascenzi: Echocardiogram: morphologic and functional evaluation including new echocardiographic techniques
3.3.2: Guido Claessen and Andre La Gerche: Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging
3.3.3: Stephan Möhlenkamp: Coronary computed tomography
3.3.4: Stephan Möhlenkamp: Nuclear imaging
3.3.5: Stephan Möhlenkamp: Coronary angiography
3.4 - Genotyping
3.4.1: Silvia Priori: Indications for genetic testing in athletes and its application in daily practice
Section 4: Cardiac diseases of interest in sports cardiology
4.1 - Myocardial and coronary diseases
4.1.1: Sanjay Sharma and Aneil Malhotra: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in Athletes
4.1.2: Gaetano Thiene, Kalliopi Pilichou, and Cristina Basso: Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy and Sudden Death in Young Athletes: Causes, Pathophysiology and Clinical features
4.1.3: Martin Halle: Myocarditis in athletes
4.1.4: Andrew D'Silva and Sanjay Sharma: Differentiating Athlete's Heart from Left Ventricular Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy
4.1.5: Cristina Basso, Carla Frescura, and Gaetano Thiene: Congenital coronary artery anomalies
4.2 - Valvular and aortic disease
4.2.1: Christian Schmied and Sanjay Sharma: Mitral Valve Prolapse in Relation to Sport
4.2.2: Natesa Pandian and Benjamin S. Wessler: Bicuspid Aortic Valve Disease and Competitive Sports: Key Considerations and Challenges
4.2.3: Guido E Pieles and A Graham Stuart: The Athlete with Congenital Heart Disease
Section 5: Rhythm disorders of interest in sports cardiology
5.1: Arthur Wilde and Nicole M Panhuyzen-Goedkoop: Channelopathy in Athletes
5.2: Lluis Mont and Eduard Guasch: Ventricular Tachyarrythmias
5.3: Mattias Wilhelm: Supraventricular tachyarrythmias
5.4: Pietro Delise: Preexcitation and Conduction Abnormalities
Section 6: Sudden Cardiac Death in athletes
6.1: Jonathan Drezner and Kimberly Harmon: Incidence of Sudden Cardiac Death in Athletes
6.2: Cristina Basso and Gaetano Thiene: Cardiovascular causes of sudden death in athletes
6.3: Paul Thompson: The Risk, Etiology, Clinical Features, Management & Prevention of Exercise-related Sudden Cardiac Death and Acute Cardiac Events in Adult Athletes
6.4 - Less frequent causes of sudden cardiac death
6.4.1: Erik Solberg and Paolo Adami: Less frequent causes of SCD (commotio cordis, aortic rupture). Non-cardiac causes (drug abuse, hyperpyrexia, rhabdomyolysis, sickle cell anemia, asthma, extreme environmental conditions (heat, cold, altitude) PART ONE
6.4.2: Erik Solberg and Paolo Adami: Less frequent causes of SCD (commotio cordis, aortic rupture). Non-cardiac causes (drug abuse, hyperpyrexia, rhabdomyolysis, sickle cell anemia, asthma, extreme environmental conditions (heat, cold, altitude) PART TWO
6.5: Domenico Corrado and Alessandro Zorzi: Preparticipation screening of young competitive athletes
6.6: Luc Vanhees and Mats Borjesson: Cardiovascular screening in adult/senior competitive athletes
6.7: Werner Budts, Massimo Chessa, and Javier Fernandex Sarabia: Cardiovascular screening of children and adolescent athletes
Section 7: Sports eligibility in athletes with cardiac abnormalities
7.1: Antonio Pelliccia, Hein Heidbuchel, Domenico Corrado, Sanjay Sharma, and Mats Borjesson: Criteria and considerations relative to safe sport participation in athletes with cardiac abnormalities
Section 8: Excercise Prescription for cardiovascular health
8.1: Massimo Piepoli, Mats Börjesson, and Mikael Dellborg: Criteria and considerations relative to safe sport participation in athletes with cardiac abnormalities
8.2: Stephan Müller, Flavia Baldassarri, Julia Schönfeld, and Martin Halle: Monitoring exercise programs and improving CV performance
Section 9: Cardiac safety at sports facilities
9.1: Mark Link and Mark Estes III: Resuscitation on the field: basic and advanced life support and automatic external defibrillators (AED)
9.2: Mats Börjesson, Luis Serratosa, and Efraim Kramer: Cardiac safety at sports events: the medical action plan
9.3: Erik Solberg, Jakob Johansson, and Alessandro Biffi: Cardiac safety at fitness centres
Section 10: Cardiovascular effects of substance of abuse/doping
10.1: Josef Niebauer and Carl-Johan Sundberg: World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) and International Olympic Committee (IOC) list of prohibited substances and methods and their cardiovascular effects
10.2: Ronald Maughan and SM Shirreffs: Nutrition and ergogenic aids prescription for competitive athletes
Section 11: Hypertension in athletes
11.1: Stefano Caselli and Josef Niebauer: Diagnosis and management of hypertension in athletes
