| Working with Roman and Arabic Numerals | p. 1 |
| Roman Numerals | p. 1 |
| Rules | p. 1 |
| Arabic Numerals | p. 2 |
| Practice Problems | p. 4 |
| Answers | p. 5 |
| Using Fractions and Decimals in Pharmacy Math | p. 7 |
| Fractions | p. 7 |
| Addition of Fractions | p. 9 |
| Subtraction of Fractions | p. 13 |
| Multiplication of Fractions | p. 14 |
| Division of Fractions | p. 17 |
| Decimals | p. 19 |
| Addition and Subtraction | p. 19 |
| Multiplication | p. 20 |
| Division | p. 21 |
| Practice Problems | p. 22 |
| Answers | p. 25 |
| Using Ratios, Proportions, and Percentages in Dosage Calculations | p. 27 |
| Ratios | p. 27 |
| Definitions at a Glance | p. 27 |
| Proportions | p. 27 |
| Practice Problems | p. 33 |
| Ratios and Proportions | p. 33 |
| Percentage | p. 36 |
| Converting a Fraction to a Percent | p. 37 |
| Converting a Percent to a Fraction | p. 37 |
| Converting a Decimal to a Percent | p. 37 |
| Converting a Percent to a Decimal | p. 37 |
| Determining Percentage | p. 38 |
| Fractions and Equivalent Decimals | p. 38 |
| Converting a Fraction to a Decimal | p. 38 |
| Percent Concentration Expressions | p. 39 |
| Percent Weight-in-Volume (% w/v) | p. 39 |
| Percent Weight-in-Weight (Percent by Weight), (% w/w) | p. 39 |
| Percent Volume-in-Volume (Percent by Volume), (% v/v) | p. 39 |
| Milligram Percent, (mg%) | p. 39 |
| Practice Problems | p. 41 |
| Percentage and Strength | p. 41 |
| Answers | p. 43 |
| Ratios and Proportions | p. 43 |
| Percentage Strength | p. 43 |
| Applying Systems of Measurements | p. 45 |
| Metric System | p. 45 |
| Practice Problems | p. 48 |
| Metric System | p. 48 |
| Apothecaries' System | p. 50 |
| Practice Problems | p. 51 |
| Apothecaries' System | p. 51 |
| Household Conversions | p. 53 |
| Calibration of the Medicinal Dropper | p. 54 |
| Interconversions | p. 54 |
| Practice Problems | p. 57 |
| Household Conversions | p. 57 |
| Answers | p. 58 |
| Metric System | p. 58 |
| Apothecaries' System | p. 59 |
| Household Conversions | p. 59 |
| Interpreting Medication Orders | p. 61 |
| Types of Prescriptions | p. 61 |
| Parts of a Prescription | p. 62 |
| Sample Prescription | p. 63 |
| Label Requirements | p. 63 |
| Medication Order | p. 63 |
| Common Latin Terms and Abbreviations | p. 64 |
| Examples | p. 68 |
| Practice Problems | p. 69 |
| Answers | p. 71 |
| Identifying Prescription Errors and Omissions | p. 73 |
| Verification of the DEA Number | p. 73 |
| p. 74 |
| Errors in Example 1 | p. 74 |
| p. 75 |
| Errors in Example 2 | p. 75 |
| p. 75 |
| Errors in Example 3 | p. 76 |
| Practice Prescriptions for Errors and Omissions | p. 76 |
| Answers | p. 91 |
| Working with Liquid Dosage Forms | p. 95 |
| Liquid Calculations Involving Proportions | p. 95 |
| Practice Problems | p. 96 |
| Liquid Calculations Involving Dilutions and Concentrations | p. 103 |
| Practice Problems | p. 104 |
| Methods of Alligation | p. 106 |
| Alligation Medial | p. 106 |
| Alligation Alternate | p. 107 |
| Practice Problems | p. 110 |
| Answers | p. 112 |
| Liquid Calculations Involving Proportions | p. 112 |
| Calculations Involving Dilutions and Concentration | p. 113 |
| Alligation | p. 113 |
| Working with Solid Dosage Forms | p. 115 |
| Practice Problems | p. 116 |
| Answers | p. 118 |
| Adjusting Isotonicity | p. 121 |
| Dissociation (i) Factor Calculations | p. 121 |
| Sodium Chloride Equivalents of Drug Substances | p. 123 |
| Isotonicity Adjustments by Sodium Chloride Equivalent Method | p. 125 |
| Practice Problems | p. 130 |
| Isotonicity Adjustments by Cryoscopic Method | p. 133 |
| Practice Problems | p. 136 |
| Answers | p. 139 |
| Working with pH and Buffers | p. 141 |
| pH Calculations | p. 141 |
| Conversion of Hydrogen Ion Concentration to pH | p. 141 |
| Conversion of pH to Hydrogen Ion Concentration | p. 142 |
| Practice Problems | p. 143 |
| Buffer Calculations | p. 144 |
| pH Value of a Buffer | p. 145 |
| Molar Ratio of Buffer Components | p. 146 |
| Practice Problems | p. 148 |
| Answers | p. 150 |
| Dealing with Reconstitutions | p. 151 |
| Practice Problems | p. 153 |
| Answers | p. 159 |
| Determining Milliequivalent Strengths | p. 161 |
| Dosage Calculations Involving Milliequivalents | p. 161 |
| Practice Problems | p. 165 |
| Answers | p. 167 |
| Dealing with Calories | p. 169 |
| Practice Problems | p. 171 |
| Calculations Involving Nitrogen, Calorie:Nitrogen Ratio, and Protein-Calorie Percentage of TPN Products | p. 172 |
| Nitrogen | p. 172 |
| Calorie:Nitrogen Ratio | p. 173 |
| Protein-Calorie Percentage | p. 173 |
| Practice Problems | p. 174 |
| Answers | p. 176 |
| Determining Intravenous Flow Rates | p. 179 |
| Practice Problems | p. 182 |
| Answers | p. 184 |
| Working with Insulin and Heparin Products | p. 187 |
| Insulin | p. 187 |
| Working with Insulin Strength | p. 187 |
| Practice Problems | p. 189 |
| Heparin Dosage | p. 193 |
| Practice Problems | p. 195 |
| Answers | p. 200 |
| Insulin | p. 200 |
| Heparin | p. 201 |
| Working with Temperature Conversions | p. 203 |
| Conversion from [degree]F to [degree]C | p. 203 |
| Conversion from [degree]C to [degree]F | p. 204 |
| Practice Problems | p. 205 |
| Conversion from [degree]F to [degree]C | p. 205 |
| Conversion from [degree]C to [degree]F | p. 205 |
| Answers | p. 206 |
| Working with Capsule Dosage Forms | p. 207 |
| Compounding Tips and Calculations for Filling Capsules | p. 207 |
| Practice Problems | p. 210 |
| Dealing with Pediatric Dosages | p. 217 |
| Based on Body Weight | p. 217 |
| Based on Height | p. 217 |
| Based on Body Surface Area (BSA) | p. 217 |
| Based on Age | p. 218 |
| Other Formulas Used | p. 218 |
| Practice Problems | p. 218 |
| Answers | p. 219 |
| Pharmacy Business Math | p. 221 |
| Practice Problems | p. 223 |
| Answers | p. 223 |
| Index | p. 225 |
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