Fascism

Volume I: The Nature of FascismPart One: Initial reactions to fascism1. Bertrand Russell, extract from 'The Ancestry of Fascism', In Praise of Idleness and Other Essays, London: George Allen & Unwin, 1936, pp. 89-108.2. Hermann Rauschning 'The Conservative Revolution', Make and Break with the Nazis: Letters on a Conservative Revolution London: Secker & Warburg, 1941, pp. 49-60.3. George Orwell (1944) 'As I Please', 17: 'What is Fascism?', Orwell and Politics, London: Penguin, 2001, pp. 321-324.Part Two: The emergence and crisis of fascist studies4. Stanley Payne, 'Interpretations of Fascism' in A History of Fascism 1914-45, London: UCL Press, 1995, pp. 441-461.5. Eugen Weber extract from Varieties of Fascism, Princeton, NJ: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1964, pp. 138-43.6. Zeev Sternhell, (1979) 'Fascist Ideology', in Walter Laqueur (ed.), Fascism: a Reader's Guide: Analyses Interpretations, Bibliography, Aldershot: Scholar Press, 1991, pp. 315-76.7. George L. Mosse, 'Towards a general theory of fascism', in G. Mosse (ed). International Fascism. New Thoughts and Appreciations London: Sage, 1979, pp. 1-45.8. Gilbert Allardyce 'What fascism is not: thoughts on the deflation of a concept', plus responses by S. Payne and E. Nolte, American Historical Review Vol. 84, No. 2, 1979, pp. 367-98.9. Tim Mason 'Whatever happened to fascism?', Radical History Review, Vol. 49, 1991, pp. 89-98.Part Three: The 'new consensus' and its critics10. Roger Eatwell 'Towards a new model of generic fascism', Journal of Theoretical Politics Vol. 4, No. 2, (1992), pp. 161-94.11. Stanley Payne 'Fascism: A Working Definition', A History of Fascism 1914-45, London: UCL Press, 1995, pp. 3-19.12. Stephen D. Shenfield, 'Defining Fascism', Russian Fascism: Traditions, Tendencies, and MovementsLondon: M. E. Sharpe, 2001, pp. 3-20.13. Dave Renton 'The prison of ideas', Fascism; Theory and PracticeLondon: Pluto Press, 1999, pp. 18-29.14.Robert O. Paxton 'The Five Stages of Fascism', The Journal of Modern History70, March 1998, pp. 1-23.15. A. James Gregor 'The Problem', Phoenix: Fascism in our Time New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction, 1999, pp. 1-26.16. Stein Larsen, extract from 'Was there fascism outside Europe? Diffusion from Europe and domestic impulses', Fascism outside Europe, Boulder: Social Sciences Monographs, 2001, pp. 720-732.17. Roger Griffin 'The Primacy of Culture. The Current Growth (or Manufacture) of Consensus within Fascist Studies', The Journal of Contemporary History, Vol. 37, No. 1, 2002, pp. 21-43.Volume II: The Social Dynamics of FascismPart Four: Marxist and Communist Theories of fascism18. David Beetham, extract from Marxists in Face of Fascism, Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1983, pp. 5-25.19. 'Comintern analyses of fascism', extracts from J. Degras (ed.), The Communist International1919-1943, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1965, Vol. I., pp. 41-2 (June 1923); pp.138-39 (July 1924); pp. 484-85 (September 1928); Vol. II, pp. 296-7 (December 1933); pp. 359-61 (August 1935); pp. 437-8 (April 1939).20. R. Palme Dutt 'Fascism and social revolution', Fascism and Social Revolution, London, Martin Lawrence, 1934, pp. 270-89.21. Martin Kitchen, 'August Thalheimer's Theory of Fascism', Journal of the History of Ideas, 34, 1, 1974, pp. 67-78.22. Robert Wistrich 'Leon Trotsky's Theory of Fascism', Journal of Contemporary History Vol. 10, No. 4, 1976, pp. 157-84.Part Five: Non-Marxist Theories of the