Fiber-optic Gyroscope

By: Herve Lefevre

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Hardcover | 1 December 1993

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Hardcover
332 Pages

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23.5 x 15.88 x 1.27

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This reference presents a system analysis of the fibre-optic gyro. Drawing on 15 years of research and developments, it describes the concepts that have emerged as the preferred solutions for obtaining a practical device, and provides access to the information needed to know about optics, single-mode fibre optics and integrated optics to understand the fibre gyro.

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Non-Fiction Engineering & Technology Other Technologies & Applied Sciences Applied Optics Fibre Optics Industrial Chemistry & Manufacturing Technologies Electronics & Communications Engineering Electronics Engineering Electronic Devices & Materials Technology in General

Foreword	p. xiii
Preface	p. xv
Introduction	p. 1
References	p. 3
Principle of the Fiber-Optic Gyroscope	p. 5
Sagnac Effect	p. 5
Sagnac Interferometer	p. 5
Case of a Medium	p. 10
Active and Passive Ring Resonators	p. 12
Ring Laser Gyroscope (RLG)	p. 12
Resonant Fiber-Optic Gyroscope (R-FOG)	p. 15
Passive Fiber Ring Interferometer	p. 17
Principle of the Interferometric Fiber-Optic Gyroscope (I-FOG)	p. 17
Theoretical Sensitivity	p. 19
Noise, Drift, and Scale Factor	p. 23
Bandwidth	p. 24
References	p. 25
Reciprocity of a Fiber Ring Interferometer	p. 27
Principle of Reciprocity	p. 27
Reciprocity of Wave Propagation	p. 27
Reciprocal Behavior of a Beam Splitter	p. 28
Minimum Configuration of a Ring Fiber Interferometer	p. 30
Reciprocal Configuration	p. 30
Reciprocal Biasing Modulation-Demodulation	p. 32
Proper (or Eigen) Frequency	p. 37
Reciprocity With All-Guided Schemes	p. 43
Evanescent-Field Coupler (or X-Coupler or 4-Port Coupler)	p. 43
Y-Junction	p. 46
All-Fiber Approach	p. 50
Hybrid Architectures With Integrated Optics: Optimal "Y-Tap" or "Y-Coupler" Configuration	p. 51
Problem of Polarization Reciprocity	p. 55
Rejection Requirement With Ordinary Single-Mode Fiber	p. 55
Use of Polarization-Preserving Fiber	p. 58
Use of Depolarizer	p. 59
Use of an Unpolarized Source	p. 59
References	p. 61
Backreflection and Backscattering	p. 63
Problem of Backreflection	p. 63
Reduction of Backreflection With Slant Interfaces	p. 63
Influence of Source Coherence	p. 66
Problem of Backscattering	p. 67
Coherent Backscattering	p. 67
Use of a Broadband Source	p. 68
Evaluation of the Residual Rayleigh Backscattering Noise	p. 69
References	p. 72
Analysis of Polarization Nonreciprocities With Broadband Source and High-Birefringence Fiber	p. 73
Depolarization Effect in High-Birefringence Polarization-Preserving Fibers	p. 73
Analysis of Polarization Nonreciprocities in a Fiber Gyroscope Using an All-Polarization-Preserving Waveguide Configuration	p. 75
Intensity-Type Effects	p. 75
Comment About Length of Depolarization L[subscript d] vs. Length of "Polarization Correlation" L[subscript pc]	p. 80
Amplitude-Type Effects	p. 83
Use of a Depolarizer	p. 84
Testing With Optical Coherence Domain Polarimetry (OCDP) Based on Path-Matched White-Light Interferometry	p. 86
References	p. 91
Transience-Related Drift and Noise	p. 93
Effect of Temperature Transience	p. 93
Effect of Acoustic Noise and Vibration	p. 96
References	p. 96
Truly Nonreciprocal Effects	p. 97
Magneto-Optic Faraday Effect	p. 97
Nonlinear Kerr Effect	p. 101
References	p. 106
Scale Factor Accuracy	p. 107
Problem of Scale Factor in the Interferometric Fiber Gyroscope	p. 107
Closed-Loop Operation	p. 108
Use of a Frequency Shift	p. 108
Analog Phase Ramp or Serrodyne Modulation	p. 111
Digital Phase Ramp	p. 115
All-Digital Closed-Loop Processing Method	p. 121
Wavelength Control	p. 126
Wavelength Dependence of a Ring Interferometer With a Broadband Source	p. 126
Effect of Phase Modulation	p. 129
Wavelength Control Schemes	p. 130
References	p. 132
Technology of the I-FOG	p. 135
Recapitulation of the Optimal Operating Conditions	p. 135
Source	p. 136
Superluminescent Diode	p. 136
Rare-Earth Doped Fiber Sources	p. 138
Fiber Coil	p. 140
"Heart" of the Interferometer	p. 141
Detector	p. 142
References	p. 144
Alternative Approaches for the I-FOG	p. 147
Alternative Optical Configurations	p. 147
Alternative Signal Processing Schemes	p. 149
Open-Loop Scheme With Use of Multiple Harmonics	p. 149
Second Harmonic Feedback	p. 149
Gated Phase Modulation Feedback	p. 150
Heterodyne and Pseudo-Heterodyne Schemes	p. 151
Beat Detection With Phase Ramp Feedback	p. 153
Dual Phase Ramp Feedback	p. 155
Extended Dynamic Range With Multiple Wavelength Source	p. 155
References	p. 157
Resonant Fiber-Optic Gyroscope (R-FOG)	p. 159
Principle of Operation of an All-Fiber Ring Cavity	p. 159
Signal Processing Method	p. 163
Reciprocity of a Ring Fiber Cavity	p. 165
Parasitic Effects in the R-FOG	p. 168
References	p. 169
Applications and Trends	p. 173
Present State of Development	p. 173
Trends for the Future and Concluding Remarks	p. 174
References	p. 175
Basics of Optics	p. 177
Optical Wave in a Vacuum	p. 177
Polarization of an Optical Wave	p. 181
Propagation in a Dielectric Medium	p. 185
Geometrical Optics	p. 193
Dielectric Interface: Reflection, Refraction, and Waveguidance	p. 194
Interferences	p. 198
Multiple-Wave Interferences	p. 205
Diffraction and Gaussian Beam	p. 208
Coherence	p. 212
Birefringence	p. 225
Bibliography	p. 231
Basics of Single-Mode Fiber Optics	p. 233
Discrete Modal Guidance in a Step Index Fiber	p. 233
Single-Mode Fiber	p. 237
Practical Silica Single-Mode Fibers	p. 244
Coupling in a Single-Mode Fiber	p. 245
Birefringence in a Single-Mode Fiber	p. 252
Polarization-Preserving Fibers	p. 257
Interference With Single-Mode Fibers and Related Components	p. 266
Bibliography	p. 271
Basics of Integrated Optics	p. 273
Integrated-Optic Channel Waveguide	p. 273
LiNbO[subscript 3] Integrated Optics	p. 276
Proton-Exchanged Waveguides	p. 281
Bibliography	p. 284
Electromagnetic Theory of the Relativistic Sagnac Effect	p. 285
Special Relativity and Electromagnetism	p. 285
Electromagnetism in a Rotating Frame	p. 294
Case of a Rotating Toroidal Dielectric Waveguide	p. 297
Bibliography	p. 299
Symbols	p. 301
About the Author	p. 307
Index	p. 309
Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved.

Fiber-optic Gyroscope

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