Introduction | p. 1 |
References for Part I | p. 3 |
General Principles of Enzyme Detection on Electrophoretic Gels | p. 5 |
Chromogenic Reactions | p. 5 |
Products Reducing Tetrazolium Salts | p. 5 |
Products Capable of Coupling with Diazonium Salts | p. 6 |
Products that Cause a pH Change | p. 7 |
Orthophosphate | p. 8 |
Pyrophosphate | p. 9 |
Hydrogen Peroxide | p. 9 |
Carbonate Ions | p. 10 |
Colored Products | p. 10 |
Products Bearing Reduced Thiol Groups | p. 10 |
Products that Influence the Starch-Iodine Reaction | p. 11 |
Products of Polymerizing Enzymes | p. 11 |
Products of Depolymerizing Enzymes | p. 11 |
Fluorogenic Reactions | p. 12 |
NADH and NADPH | p. 12 |
4-Methylumbelliferone | p. 12 |
Products that Form Luminescent Lanthanide Chelates | p. 13 |
Miscellany | p. 13 |
Autoradiography | p. 13 |
Bioautography | p. 14 |
Two-Dimensional Gel Spectroscopy | p. 14 |
Immunoblotting | p. 15 |
Immobilization Matrices | p. 15 |
Transfer of Proteins | p. 16 |
Specific Antibodies and Labeled Anti-Antibodies | p. 17 |
Detection of Transferred Proteins on Blots | p. 17 |
Miscellanies | p. 18 |
Detection by Incorporating Water-Insoluble Substrates into Separating Gels | p. 18 |
Detection of Lipid-Metabolizing Enzymes | p. 18 |
Detection by a Two-Dimensional Electrophoresis Procedure | p. 18 |
Detection of Enzymatic Proteins by Specific Probes | p. 19 |
Labeled Aptamers and Aptamer Beacons as Specific Probes | p. 19 |
Labeled Inhibitors as Specific Probes | p. 19 |
Specific Detection of Some Nonenzymatic Proteins | p. 20 |
Detection of Proteinase and Ribonuclease Inhibitory Proteins Using Reverse Zymography | p. 20 |
Detection of Proteinase Inhibitory Proteins Using Biotinylated Proteinases as Specific Probes | p. 20 |
Biotinylated Hyaluronan as a Specific Probe for Hyaluronan-Binding Proteins | p. 20 |
Transferrin | p. 20 |
References for Part II | p. 20 |
Methods of Detection of Specific Enzymes | p. 23 |
The Structure of Enzyme Sheets | p. 23 |
References | p. 25 |
General Considerations, Comments, and Recommendations | p. 25 |
The Choice of Support Medium for Enzyme Electrophoresis and Detection | p. 25 |
Cellulose Acetate Gel | p. 25 |
Polyacrylamide Gel | p. 26 |
Starch Gel | p. 27 |
Strategies of Gel Staining | p. 27 |
The Choice of Zymogram Method | p. 28 |
Preparation of Staining Solution | p. 28 |
Modes of Application of Staining Solutions | p. 29 |
Modes of Enhancement of Staining Intensity of Enzyme Activity Bands | p. 30 |
Specificity of Zymogram Methods and Some Related Problems | p. 31 |
Recording and Preservation of Zymograms | p. 33 |
Resource-Saving Strategies | p. 34 |
Simultaneous Detection of Several Enzymes on the Same Gel | p. 34 |
Successive Detection of Different Enzymes on the Same Gel | p. 35 |
The Reuse of Staining Solutions | p. 36 |
The Use of Several Origins on One Gel | p. 36 |
Multiple Replication of Electrophoretic Gels by Electroblotting | p. 36 |
The Use of Semipreparative Gels for Production of Preparations of Linking Enzymes | p. 36 |
Troubleshooting | p. 37 |
Safety Regulations | p. 37 |
References | p. 38 |
Enzyme Sheets* | p. 41 |
Minimal Medium for Escherichia coli | p. 541 |
Citrate Medium for Pediococcus cerevisiae | p. 542 |
Alphabetical List of Enzymes | p. 544 |
Buffer Systems Used for Enzyme Electrophoresis | p. 549 |
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