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Hardware Verification with System Verilog

An Object-Oriented Framework

By: Mike Mintz, Robert Ekendahl

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Paperback | 11 June 2007

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340 Pages

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Verification is increasingly complex, and SystemVerilog is one of the languages that the verification community is turning to. However, no language by itself can guarantee success without proper techniques. Object-oriented programming (OOP), with its focus on managing complexity, is ideally suited to this task.

With this handbook-the first to focus on applying OOP to SystemVerilog-we'll show how to manage complexity by using layers of abstraction and base classes. By adapting these techniques, you will write more "reasonable" code, and build efficient and reusable verification components.

Both a learning tool and a reference, this handbook contains hundreds of real-world code snippets and three professional verification-system examples. You can copy and paste from these examples, which are all based on an open-source, vendor-neutral framework (with code freely available at www.trusster.com).

Learn about OOP techniques such as these:

Creating classes-code interfaces, factory functions, reuse

Connecting classes-pointers, inheritance, channels

Using "correct by construction"-strong typing, base classes

Packaging it up-singletons, static methods, packages

This handbook guides the user in applying OOP techniques for verification. Mike and Robert have captured their years of experience in a clear and easy-to-read handbook. The examples are complete, and the code is available for you to get started right away. Highly recommended.

Thomas D. Tessier, President,
t2design, Inc.

This handbook contains a lot of useful advice for any verification engineer wanting to create a class-based testbench, regardless of the framework/methodology used. I recommend Hardware Verification with SystemVerilog to anyone who wants a greater understanding of how best to use OOP with SystemVerilog.

Dr. David Long, Senior Consultant,
Doulos

This is a fantastic book that not only shows how to use SystemVerilog and Object-Oriented Programming for verification, but also provides practical examples that are open source

Stephanie Waters, Field Applications Engineer,
Cadence Design Systems

I have been using SystemVerilog for two years in my research, and this is by far the best book I have found about how to achieve professional grade verification. I will apply these techniques on my future projects.

Dr. Oswaldo Cadenas, Lecturer, Electronic Engineering,
University of Reading, U.K.

Industry Reviews

"Hardware Verification with SystemVerilog: An Object-Oriented Framework is both a learning tool and a reference work for verification engineers. This handbook guides the user in applying OOP techniques for verification. Mike and Robert have captured their years of experience in a clear and easy-to-read handbook. The examples are complete, and the code is available for you to get started right away. Highly recommended." Thomas D. Tessier, President, t2design, Inc. "This handbook contains a lot of useful advice for any verification engineer wanting to create a class-based testbench, regardless of the framework/methodology used. I recommend Hardware Verification with SystemVerilog to anyone who wants a greater understanding of how best to use OOP with SystemVerilog." Dr David Long, Senior Consultant, Doulos "This is a fantastic book that not only shows how to use SystemVerilog and Object-Oriented Programming for verification, but also provides practical examples that are open source!" Stephanie Waters, Field Applications Engineer, Cadence Design Systems "I have been using SystemVerilog for two years in my research, and this is by far the best book I have found about how to achieve professional grade verification. I will apply these techniques on my future projects." Dr. Oswaldo Cadenas, Lecturer, Electronic Engineering, University of Reading, UK

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You Can Find This Book In

Non-Fiction Engineering & Technology Electronics & Communications Engineering Electronics Engineering Circuits & Components Computing & I.T.Computer Programming & Software Development Object-Oriented Programming or OOP Computer Science Computer Architecture & Logic Design Programming & Scripting Languages Graphical & Digital Media Applications

Computer-Aided Design CAD Electronic Devices & Materials Computer Hardware Personal Computers Energy Technology & Engineering Electrical Engineering Compilers & Interpreters

Preface	p. xix
Acknowledgments	p. xxi
Introduction	p. 1
Background	p. 3
What is Functional Verification?	p. 4
Why Focus on SystemVerilog?	p. 5
A Tour of the Handbook	p. 5
For Further Reading	p. 6
SystemVerilog and Verification (The Why and How)	p. 7
Why SystemVerilog?	p. 9
Overview	p. 10
SystemVerilog as a Verification Language	p. 11
Main Benefits of Using SystemVerilog	p. 13
Drawbacks of Using SystemVerilog	p. 13
SystemVerilog Traps and Pitfalls	p. 14
SystemVerilog is not Verilog	p. 14
Errors and run-time crashes	p. 15
Five languages in one!	p. 15
The assertions language	p. 15
The constraint language	p. 16
The coverage language	p. 18
SystemVerilog features not discussed	p. 19
Summary	p. 20
For Further Reading	p. 20
OOP and SystemVerilog	p. 23
Overview	p. 24
The Evolution of OOP and SystemVerilog	p. 25
Assembly programming: The early days	p. 25
Procedural languages: The next big step	p. 25
OOP: Inheritance for functionality	p. 26
OOP: Inheritance for interface	p. 28
A word or two about "interface"	p. 28
The Evolution of Functional Verification	p. 29
Verification through inspection	p. 29
Verification through randomness	p. 29
The emergence of hardware verification languages	p. 30
OOP: A current trend in verification	p. 31
OOP: A possible next step	p. 31
OOP and SystemVerilog	p. 32
Data abstraction through classes	p. 32
A DMA descriptor example	p. 32
Access control	p. 33
Constructors	p. 34
Member methods and variables	p. 35
Inheritance for functionality	p. 36
Inheritance for code interface	p. 37
What's a header file?	p. 39
Packages	p. 40
Separating HDL and testbench code	p. 42
Wiggling wires: the interface concept	p. 42
Building and using interfaces	p. 44
Summary	p. 46
For Further Reading	p. 46
A Layered Approach	p. 47
Overview	p. 48
A Whiteboard Drawing	p. 50
An "ends-in" approach	p. 51
Refining the whiteboard blocks	p. 52
The "Common-Currency" Components	p. 52
The Component Layer in Detail	p. 53
The connection layer	p. 54
The agent layer	p. 56
The transaction layer	p. 57
The Top-Layer Components	p. 58
What is a Test?	p. 60
The Test Component	p. 62
The Test Irritator	p. 64
A Complete Test	p. 65
Summary	p. 67
For Further Reading	p. 67
An Open-Source Environment with SystemVerilog	p. 69
Teal Basics	p. 71
Overview	p. 72
Teal's Main Components	p. 72
Using Teal	p. 74
A simple test	p. 74
Logging Output	p. 74
Using Test Parameters	p. 77
Accessing Memory	p. 79
A memory example	p. 80
Constrained Random Numbers	p. 84
Required initialization	p. 84
Using random numbers	p. 85
Working with Simulation Events	p. 86
Summary	p. 87
Truss: A Standard Verification Framework	p. 89
Overview	p. 90
General Considerations	p. 91
SystemVerilog considerations	p. 91
Keeping it simple	p. 92
Major Classes and Their Roles	p. 93
Key test algorithm: The "dance"	p. 94
The verification_component Virtual Base Class	p. 97
Detailed Responsibilities of the Major Components	p. 98
The testbench class	p. 99
Watchdog timer	p. 101
Test class	p. 102
Test Component and Irritator Classes	p. 106
The test component virtual base class	p. 106
An AHB example	p. 108
Test-component housekeeping functionality	p. 109
The irritator virtual base class	p. 110
Using the irritator	p. 112
Summary	p. 113
Truss Flow	p. 115
Overview	p. 116
About truss_verification_top.sv	p. 116
The Test Component Dance	p. 119
The Irritator Dance	p. 121
Compiling and Running Tests	p. 122
The truss run script	p. 123
Switches	p. 124
Using "-f" files	p. 125
The First Test: A Directed Test	p. 125
The Second Test: Adding Channels and Random Parameters	p. 127
The channel pseudo-templated classes	p. 128
Building the second test	p. 129
Building the second test's test_component	p. 131
Adjusting the second test's parameters	p. 132
The Remaining Tests: Mix-and-Match Test Components	p. 135
Summary	p. 136
Truss Example	p. 137
Overview	p. 138
Directory Structure	p. 138
Theory of Operation	p. 140
Running the Simple ALU Example	p. 142
Points of Interest	p. 142
Power-on Reset	p. 143
Driver and Monitor Protocol	p. 144
The alu_test_component	p. 145
Checking the Chip	p. 146
Completing the Test	p. 147
Summary	p. 149
Using OOP for Verification (Best Practices)	p. 151
Thinking OOP	p. 153
Overview	p. 154
Sources of Complexity	p. 155
Essential complexity vs. implementation complexity	p. 155
Flexibility vs. complexity	p. 156
Apparent simplicity vs. hiding inherent complexity	p. 159
Example: How hiding complexity can create confusion	p. 159
Example: How apparent simplicity leads to later problems	p. 160
Team dynamics	p. 162
Team roles	p. 162
Using a "code buddy"	p. 163
Creating Adaptable Code	p. 163
Achieving adaptability	p. 163
Why is adaptability tricky?	p. 164
Architectural Considerations to Maximize Adaptability	p. 165
Changes are easy-or just plain impossible	p. 166
Where is adaptation likely to happen?	p. 167
Separating Interface from Implementation	p. 168
Code Interface, Implementation, and Base Classes	p. 169
Summary	p. 170
For Further Reading	p. 171
Designing with OOP	p. 173
Overview	p. 174
Keeping the Abstraction Level Consistent	p. 174
Using "Correct by Construction"	p. 176
The Value of Packages	p. 178
Data Duplication-A Necessary Evil	p. 180
Designing Well, Optimizing Only When Necessary	p. 181
Using the Protocol, Only the Protocol	p. 182
Verification Close to the Programming Model	p. 183
The Three Parts of Checking	p. 184
Separating the Test from the Testbench	p. 186
Summary	p. 187
For Further Reading	p. 188
OOP Classes	p. 189
Overview	p. 190
Defining Classes	p. 191
How Much Electricity?	p. 191
Classes	p. 192
Packages	p. 192
Pointers and virtual functions	p. 192
Global Services	p. 193
Package it up!	p. 193
Static methods	p. 194
Singletons-A Special Case of Static Methods	p. 194
Packages or static methods?	p. 195
Other considerations	p. 196
Class Instance Identifiers	p. 197
Strings as identifiers	p. 197
Static integers as identifiers	p. 197
Combination identifiers	p. 198
Class Inheritance for Reuse	p. 198
A BFM base-class example	p. 199
A BFM agent class	p. 200
Reusing the BFM class	p. 200
Class Inheritance for Code Interfaces	p. 201
Inheritance for a verification component	p. 201
Inheritance for a payload code interface	p. 202
Summary	p. 203
For Further Reading	p. 204
OOP Connections	p. 205
Overview	p. 206
How Tight a Connection?	p. 207
Types of Connections	p. 209
Peer-to-peer connections	p. 209
Master-to-slave and push-vs.-pull connections	p. 209
Two Tight Connection Techniques	p. 211
Using pointers	p. 211
Using inheritance	p. 212
Threads and Connections	p. 214
Events-explicit blocking interconnects	p. 214
Hiding the thread block in a method	p. 216
Fancier Connections	p. 217
Listener or callback connections	p. 218
Channel connections	p. 219
Action object connections	p. 220
Summary	p. 221
For Further Reading	p. 222
Coding OOP	p. 223
Overview	p. 224
"If" Tests-A Necessary Evil	p. 224
"If" tests and abstraction levels	p. 225
"If" tests and code structure	p. 226
Repeated "if" expressions	p. 227
"If" tests and factory functions	p. 228
A factory function example	p. 229
Coding Tricks	p. 232
Coding only what you need to know	p. 232
Reservable resources	p. 233
The register: an int by any other name	p. 234
Using data members carefully	p. 234
Coding Idioms	p. 236
The singleton idiom	p. 237
Public nonvirtual methods: Virtual protected methods	p. 238
Enumeration for Data, Integer for Code Interface	p. 240
What's in a Name?	p. 241
Keeping class name the same as file name	p. 241
Keeping class and instance names related	p. 241
Coding with Style	p. 242
Proceeding with caution	p. 243
General syntax conventions	p. 243
Identifying local and protected members	p. 244
Summary	p. 245
For Further Reading	p. 246
Examples (Putting It All Together)	p. 247
Block-Level Testing	p. 249
Overview	p. 250
Theory of Operation	p. 251
Verification environment	p. 252
Verification IP	p. 253
UART VIPs	p. 253
Wishbone VIP	p. 254
The verification dance	p. 255
Running the UART Example	p. 255
Points of Interest	p. 256
Configuration	p. 256
VIP UART package	p. 257
VIP UART configuration class	p. 258
Randomization of parameters	p. 258
UART 16550 configuration class	p. 260
Configuring the Chip	p. 261
Register access	p. 262
The wishbone_memory_bank and wishbone_driver	p. 263
Traffic Generation	p. 265
The generator_agent and uart_bfm_agent classes	p. 265
The Checker	p. 267
Checking the data	p. 268
Connecting It All Together	p. 270
The testbench	p. 270
Building the channels	p. 271
Building the configuration and interface port	p. 271
Building the component-layer objects	p. 273
The wishbone objects	p. 274
The test component	p. 275
The uart_basic_test_component::do_randomize() method	p. 277
The basic data test	p. 278
More Tests	p. 280
Summary	p. 280
Chip-Level Testing	p. 281
Overview	p. 282
Theory of Operation	p. 282
Verification environment	p. 283
Running the UART Example	p. 284
The quad_uart_test_components Test	p. 284
The quad_uart_irritators Test	p. 286
UART irritator class	p. 286
The test	p. 288
The quad_uart_vectors Test	p. 292
The block_uart Test	p. 293
Summary	p. 293
Things to Remember	p. 295
Use SystemVerilog and Layers!	p. 296
An Open-Source Approach	p. 296
OOP-Best Practices	p. 297
Examples-Copy and Adapt!	p. 298
Conclusion to the Conclusion	p. 298
Index	p. 301
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

Hardware Verification with System Verilog

An Object-Oriented Framework

At a Glance

Paperback

Industry Reviews

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