Hearing in Children

Dedication Preface: Jerry L. Northern, Ph.D. Forward: Marion P. Downs, D.H.S., D.S. Acknowledgements Chapter 1: Hearing and Hearing Loss in Children Hearing Loss in Children - A Hidden Disability How We Hear Structure and Function of Auditory System Nature of Hearing Loss Demographics of Childhood Hearing Loss Defining Pediatric Hearing Loss Acoustics of Speech Effect of Hearing Loss on Speech and Language Handicapping Effects of Hearing Impairments Overview of Hereditary Deafness Economic Burden of Deafness Team Management of Children with Hearing Impairment Audiologists with Specialty Training in Pediatric Hearing Loss Chapter 2: Early Development Basic Principles of Genetic Inheritance Laboratory Evaluation of Chromosomes and Genes Inheritance of Genetic Disorders Prenatal Development Fetal Development Development of Ears, Face and Palate The Nursery Environment Technology in the NICU Disorders of the Infant Respiratory System Disorders of the Cardiovascular System Disorders of the Central Nervous System Congenital Infections in the Newborn Genetic Counseling Chapter 3: Auditory and Speech-Language Development Neuroplasticity Prenatal Hearing Neonatal Hearing Development Normal auditory maturation Development of Oral Communication Developmental Speech Milestones Questionnaires for Parents Studies of Speech Development Optimal Periods Listening Auditory Processing in Children Chapter 4: Medical Aspects Medical Assessment of Newborn Infants Medical Disorders of the External and Middle Ear Otitis Media Medical Disorders and Sensorineural Hearing Loss Childhood Infections Associated with Hearing Loss Hearing Loss in Special Populations Cleft Palate Down syndrome Autism Spectrum Disorder Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder Chapter 5: Early Intervention Early Intervention Services Implementation of Early Intervention Federal Mandates The Cornerstones of Early Intervention Research in Early Intervention Optimal Early Intervention Strategies Family-Centered Services Breaking the News to Parents The Audiologist's Self-Understanding Intervention Strategies for the Child with Otitis Media Telepractice and Teleaudiology Hearing Dogs Chapter 6: Behavioral Hearing Tests The Audiologist and the Child The Case History Behavioral Response Observation (0 to 6 Months) Reinforcement Theory Visual Reinforcement Audiometry (6 Months to 2 Years) Conditioned Play Audiometry (Age 2 to 4 Years) Speech Perception Testing in Young Children Hearing Testing in the Older Child (5 Years and Older) Evaluating Hearing of Difficult-to-Test Children The Child with Functional Hearing Loss Chapter 7: Physiologic Hearing Tests Managing Toddlers for Physiologic Hearing Tests Acoustic Immittance Measures Clinical Applications of the Immittance Battery Otoacoustic Emissions Evoked Auditory Responses Auditory Brainstem Evoked Re--sponses Auditory Middle-Latency Evoked Re--sponses Late Auditory Evoked Potentials Auditory Steady State Responses Electrocochleography Sedation Vestibular Evaluation in Children Summary of Physiologic Auditory Testing Chapter 8: Hearing Screening Principles of Screening Genetic Screening Prevalence of Newborn Hearing Loss History of Newborn Hearing Screening Universal Newborn Hearing Screening Joint Committee on Infant Hearing Statements and Guidelines Hearing Screening: Birth through 6 Months Hearing Screening: Infants and Toddlers (7 Months to 3 Years) Hearing Screening Preschool Children (3 to 5 Years) Hearing Screening School-Age Children (5 to 18 Years) Screening for Middle Ear Disorders Hearing Screening of the Developmentally Delayed Child Hearing Screening Follow-Up Issues Chapter 9: Amplification Pediatric Hearing Aid Fitting The Hearing Aid Hearing Aids for Children The Pediatric Hearing Aid Fitting Process Probe Microphone Measurements Prescriptive Fitting Methods Binaural Hearing Aids Frequency Response Hearing Aid Output The Earmold and Sound Channel Monitoring Children's Hearing Aids Pediatric Cochlear Implants Chapter 10: Education The Educational Audiologist Individuals with Disabilities Educational Act (IDEA) Educational Goals for the Child with Hearing Loss Current Status of Education Challenges in Teaching Deaf and Hearing Impaired Students Implementing the Individualized Education Plan (IEP) Educational Methodologies Mainstream Education Classroom Acoustics Personal FM Systems Parent Education Appendix i: Pediatric Hearing Disorders Appendix ii: Guidelines for Identification and Management of Infants and Young Children with Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder