List of examples | p. x |
List of case studies | p. xv |
Preface to the second edition | p. xvii |
Acknowledgements | p. xix |
Introduction | p. xxi |
Thermal comfort and assessment | p. 1 |
Introduction | p. 2 |
Heat energy and temperature | p. 2 |
Thermometry | p. 3 |
Types of thermometer | p. 4 |
Heat loss from the human body | p. 5 |
Physiological responses | p. 10 |
Thermal assessment | p. 11 |
Thermal comfort criteria | p. 17 |
Temperature profiles | p. 24 |
Chapter closure | p. 25 |
Heat conduction | p. 26 |
Introduction | p. 27 |
Heat conduction at right angles to the surface | p. 27 |
Surface conductance | p. 31 |
Heat conduction in ground floors | p. 36 |
Heat conduction in suspended ground floors | p. 38 |
Thermal bridging and non-standard U values | p. 41 |
Non-standard U values, multi-webbed bridges | p. 43 |
Radial conductive heat flow | p. 46 |
Chapter closure | p. 53 |
Heat convection | p. 54 |
Introduction | p. 54 |
Rational formulae for free and forced heat convection | p. 57 |
Temperature definitions | p. 59 |
Convective heat output from a panel radiator | p. 61 |
Heat output from a freely suspended pipe coil | p. 63 |
Heat transfer from a tube in a condensing secondary fluid | p. 64 |
Cooling flux from a chilled ceiling | p. 66 |
Heat flux off a floor surface from an embedded pipe coil | p. 68 |
Heat transfer notes | p. 70 |
Chapter closure | p. 71 |
Heat radiation | p. 72 |
Introduction | p. 73 |
Surface characteristics | p. 73 |
The greenhouse effect | p. 76 |
Spectral wave forms | p. 76 |
Monochromatic heat radiation | p. 77 |
Laws of black body radiation | p. 78 |
Laws of grey body radiation | p. 80 |
Radiation exchange between a grey body and a grey enclosure | p. 81 |
Heat transfer coefficients for black and grey body radiation | p. 82 |
Heat radiation flux I | p. 83 |
Problem solving | p. 84 |
Asymmetric heat radiation | p. 96 |
Historical references | p. 97 |
Chapter closure | p. 97 |
Measurement of fluid flow | p. 98 |
Introduction | p. 98 |
Flow characteristics | p. 99 |
Conservation of energy in a moving fluid | p. 100 |
Measurement of gauge pressure with an uncalibrated manometer | p. 101 |
Measurement of pressure difference with an uncalibrated differential manometer | p. 102 |
Measurement of flow rate using a venturi meter and orifice plate | p. 104 |
Measurement of air flow using a pitot static tube | p. 111 |
Chapter closure | p. 114 |
Characteristics of laminar and turbulent flow | p. 115 |
Introduction | p. 115 |
Laminar flow | p. 116 |
Turbulent flow | p. 119 |
Boundary layer theory | p. 121 |
Characteristics of the straight pipe or duct | p. 125 |
Determination of the frictional coefficient in turbulent flow | p. 126 |
Solving problems | p. 127 |
Chapter closure | p. 135 |
Mass transfer of fluids in pipes, ducts and channels | p. 136 |
Introduction | p. 137 |
Solutions to problems in frictionless flow | p. 137 |
Frictional flow in flooded pipes and ducts | p. 144 |
Semi-graphical solutions to frictional flow in pipes and ducts | p. 160 |
Gravitational flow in flooded pipes | p. 162 |
Gravitational flow in partially flooded pipes and channels | p. 170 |
Alternative rational formulae for partial flow | p. 176 |
Flow of natural gas in pipes | p. 180 |
Flow of compressed air in pipes | p. 181 |
Vacuum pipe sizing | p. 183 |
Chapter closure | p. 184 |
Natural ventilation in buildings | p. 185 |
Introduction | p. 186 |
Aerodynamics around a building | p. 186 |
Effects on cross-ventilation from the wind | p. 191 |
The stack effect | p. 194 |
Natural ventilation to internal spaces with openings in one wall only | p. 198 |
Ventilation for cooling purposes | p. 200 |
Fan assisted ventilation | p. 205 |
Further reading | p. 206 |
Chapter closure | p. 206 |
Regimes of fluid flow in heat exchangers | p. 207 |
Introduction | p. 208 |
Parallel flow and counterflow heat exchangers | p. 209 |
Heat transfer equations | p. 212 |
Heat exchanger performance | p. 219 |
Cross flow | p. 225 |
Further examples | p. 228 |
Chapter closure | p. 232 |
Verifying the form of an equation by dimensional analysis | p. 233 |
Introduction | p. 233 |
Dimensions in use | p. 234 |
Appendix closure | p. 238 |
Solving problems by dimensional analysis | p. 239 |
Introduction | p. 240 |
Establishing the form of an equation | p. 240 |
Dimensional analysis in experimental work | p. 243 |
Examples in dimensional analysis | p. 244 |
Appendix closure | p. 262 |
Renewable energy systems | p. 263 |
Introduction | p. 263 |
Wind turbines | p. 264 |
Hydro power | p. 267 |
Marine turbines | p. 275 |
Solar irradiation and the solar constant | p. 277 |
Photovoltaics | p. 281 |
Biomass | p. 282 |
Combined heat and power | p. 285 |
Fuel cell CHP | p. 287 |
References and further reading | p. 289 |
Appendix closure | p. 290 |
Towards sustainable building engineering | p. 291 |
Introduction | p. 291 |
Thermodynamics and sustainability | p. 292 |
The laws of thermodynamics | p. 294 |
Power supplies | p. 297 |
Products and systems | p. 297 |
The building footprint | p. 300 |
Scenarios for building services | p. 300 |
Further reading | p. 302 |
Appendix closure | p. 303 |
Bibliography | p. 304 |
Index | p. 305 |
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