Preface | p. ix |
Prologue | p. 1 |
A voyage through the local cosmos | p. 1 |
Magnetic field: a unifying force within heliophysics | p. 15 |
The three-volume series | p. 19 |
Additional resources | p. 19 |
Editors' note | p. 20 |
Introduction to heliophysics | p. 21 |
Preamble | p. 21 |
What is heliophysics? | p. 22 |
The language of heliophysics | p. 24 |
The creation and annihilation of magnetic field | p. 29 |
Magnetic coupling | p. 31 |
Spontaneous formation of discontinuities | p. 32 |
Explosive energy conversion | p. 34 |
Generation of penetrating radiation | p. 36 |
Concluding thoughts | p. 40 |
Creation and destruction of magnetic field | p. 42 |
Introduction - magnetic fields in the universe | p. 42 |
Magnetohydrodynamics | p. 44 |
The dynamo problem | p. 50 |
Mean-field theory | p. 57 |
Limitations of mean-field approximation, 3D simulations | p. 71 |
Magnetic field topology | p. 77 |
Magnetic field lines | p. 78 |
Regions of different topology | p. 91 |
Magnetic helicity | p. 99 |
Magnetic reconnection | p. 113 |
Preamble | p. 113 |
Basic concepts | p. 113 |
Reconnection in two dimensions | p. 122 |
Reconnection in three dimensions | p. 131 |
Topics for future research | p. 137 |
Structures of the magnetic field | |
Preamble | p. 139 |
Current sheets in cosmic plasmas | p. 140 |
Magnetic flux tubes | p. 145 |
Definition of a flux tube | p. 146 |
Definition of a flux rope | p. 149 |
Flux ropes at other planets | p. 156 |
Magnetic cells | p. 159 |
Summary | p. 161 |
Turbulence in space plasmas | p. 163 |
Preamble | p. 163 |
Introduction | p. 164 |
What observations characterize the solar wind? | p. 167 |
The Navier-Stokes equation and hydrodynamic turbulence | p. 172 |
Magnetohydrodynamic fluid turbulence | p. 176 |
The spectrum of interplanetary turbulence | p. 180 |
Non-Gaussianity in turbulent space plasmas | p. 190 |
Turbulence in the solar corona and solar wind acceleration | p. 191 |
Interstellar turbulence | p. 193 |
Conclusion | p. 194 |
The solar atmosphere | p. 195 |
Introduction | p. 195 |
The photosphere | p. 200 |
The high-² chromosphere | p. 204 |
Coronal heating | p. 212 |
Forward modeling of the outer solar atmosphere | p. 216 |
The way forward | p. 222 |
Stellar winds and magnetic fields | p. 225 |
A pocket history | p. 226 |
The Parker spiral | p. 228 |
Some solar wind properties | p. 230 |
A pocket history, continued | p. 231 |
An interlude with Alfvén waves | p. 233 |
The coronal helium abundance and the proton flux | p. 236 |
The energy budget of the solar wind | p. 238 |
A simple experiment | p. 240 |
Solar wind models that include the chromosphere | p. 243 |
Discussion and conclusions | p. 248 |
Fundamentals of planetary magnetospheres | p. 256 |
Introduction | p. 256 |
Definitions and classifications | p. 257 |
Interaction of solar wind with a planetary magnetic field | p. 258 |
Plasma flow and magnetosphere-ionosphere interaction | p. 265 |
Plasma sources and transport processes | p. 277 |
Scaling relations for magnetospheres | p. 285 |
Solar-wind-magnetosphere coupling: an MHD perspective | p. 295 |
Introduction | p. 295 |
Global MHD models | p. 296 |
The solar wind at Earth | p. 300 |
Magnetosheath modeling | p. 302 |
Forces on the magnetosphere | p. 310 |
Magnetospheric convection | p. 317 |
Energy flow in the magnetosphere | p. 320 |
Summary | p. 322 |
On the ionosphere and chromosphere | p. 324 |
Introduction | p. 324 |
Forces and flows in the neutral atmosphere | p. 325 |
Neutral-gas mixing, fractionation, and global circulation | p. 330 |
Energy input and dissipation | p. 333 |
Ionization fraction | p. 336 |
Electrodynamics | p. 337 |
Outstanding issues and science questions | p. 349 |
Comparing the Sun's chromosphere and Earth's ionosphere | p. 351 |
Comparative planetary environments | p. 360 |
Introduction | p. 360 |
Jupiter | p. 375 |
Saturn | p. 384 |
Uranus and Neptune | p. 388 |
Mercury and Ganymede | p. 390 |
Objects without dynamos | p. 391 |
Outstanding questions | p. 398 |
Authors and editors | p. 399 |
List of illustrations | p. 401 |
List of tables | p. 406 |
References | p. 407 |
Index | p. 428 |
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