Illustrated Manual of Regional Anesthesia

I: Principles of Management.- A. Preparation of the Surgical Patient for Regional Anesthesia.- 1. Preoperative Phase.- 2. Quality and Duration of Block.- 3. Planning for the Recovery Period.- 4. Performance of Block.- 5. Management of Patient During Surgery.- 6. Postoperative Management.- B. Physiologic Changes Due to Regional Anesthesia: Comparison with General Anesthesia.- 1. Intraoperative Period.- 2. Immediate Postoperative Period.- 3. Extended Postoperative Period.- C. Local Anesthetics.- 1. Classification of Local Anesthetic Agents.- 2. Mechanism of Action.- 3. Active Form.- 4. Site of Action.- 5. Pharmacokinetics.- 6. Systemic Toxicity Due to Local Anesthetic Agents.- 7. Management of Toxicity.- D. Aids to Nerve Block.- 1. Fluoroscopy.- 2. Peripheral Nerve Stimulation.- Suggestions for Further Reading.- II: Central Nerve Blocks.- A. General Considerations (Transparency 1).- 1. Anatomy.- 2. Preliminary Remarks on Subarachnoid and Epidural Block.- B. Subarachnoid (Spinal) Block.- 1. General Aspects.- 2. Types and Methods of Subarachnoid Block (Transparency 2).- C. Epidural Block.- 1. General Aspects.- 2. Cervical Approach (Transparency 3).- 3. Thoracic Approach (Transparency 4).- 4. Lumbar Approach (Transparency 5).- 5. Caudal Approach (Transparency 6).- III: Upper-Extremity Blocks.- A. Block of the Brachial Plexus and Its Branches.- 1. General Description.- 2. lnterscalene Approach (Transparency 7 a).- 3. Supraclavicular Approach (Transparency 7 b).- 4. Infraclavicular Approach (Transparency 8).- 5. Axillary Approach (Transparency 9).- 6. Suprascapular Nerve Block (Transparency 10).- B. Elbow Block (Transparencies 11, 12).- C. Wrist Block (Transparencies 13, 14).- D. Hand and Digital Block (Transparency 15).- IV: Lower-Extremity Blocks.- A. Lumbosacral Plexus and Its Branches.- 1. General Considerations.- 2. Lumbar Plexus Block (Transparency 16).- 3. Psoas Compartment Block (Transparency 17).- B. Hip and Gluteal Region.- 1. Sciatic Nerve Block (Transparencies 18-21).- 2. Femoral Nerve Block (Transparency 22).- 3. Obturator Nerve Block (Transparency 23).- 4. Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve Block (Transparency 24).- C. Blocks of the Knee Region.- 1. Common Peroneal and Tibial Nerve Block (Transparency 25).- 2. Saphenous Nerve Block at the Knee (Transparency 26).- D. Ankle Block.- 1. Anterior Ankle and Metatarsal Block (Transparency 27).- 2. Posterior Ankle Block (Transparency 28).- V: Intravenous Regional Anesthesia.- A. General Considerations (Transparency 29).- B. Standard Technique.- C. Pharmacokinetics of Local Anesthetics with Intravenous Regional Anesthesia.- D. Complications.- VI: Head and Neck Blocks.- A. Trigeminal Nerve and Its Branches.- 1. Trigeminal Ganglion Block (Transparency 30).- 2. Ophthalmic Nerve Block (Retrobulbar) (Transparency 31).- 3. Supraorbital and Supratrochlear Nerve Block (Transparency 32).- 4. Maxillary Nerve Block (Transparency 33).- 5. Infraorbital Nerve Block (Transparency 34).- 6. Mandibular Nerve Block (Transparency 35).- 7. Mental Nerve Block (Transparency 36).- B. Sphenopalatine Ganglion Block (Transparency 37).- C. Glossopharyngeal Nerve Block (Transparency 38).- D. Laryngeal Nerve Block (Transparency 39).- E. Block of the Cervical Plexus and its Branches.- 1. General Aspects.- 2. Superficial Cervical Plexus Block (Transparency 40).- 3. Deep Cervical Plexus Block (Transparency 40).- 4. Greater Occipital Nerve Block.- 5. Spinal Accessory Nerve Block (Transparency 41).- 6. Phrenic Nerve Block (Transparency 42).- VII: Blocks of the Trunk and Perineum.- A. Intercostal Nerve Block (Transparencies 43, 44).- B. Thoracic Paravertebral Nerve Block (Transparency 45).- C. Lumbar Paravertebral Nerve Block (Transparency 46).- D. Trans-sacral Nerve Block (Transparency 47).- E. Pudendal Nerve Block.- 1. Transperineal Approach (Transparency 48).- 2. Transvaginal Approach (Transparency 49).- F. Paracervical Nerve Block (Transparency 50).- G. Sacrococcygeal Plexus Block (Transparency 51).- VIII: Autonomic Nerve Blocks.- A. Stellate Ganglion Block.- 1. Anterior Approach (Transparency 52).- 2. Lateral Approach (Transparency 53).- B. Thoracic Sympathetic Block (Transparency 54).- C. Splanchnic Nerve and Celiac Plexus Block (Transparency 55).- D. Lumbar Sympathetic Block.- 1. General Considerations.- 2. Paramedian (Classic, or Mandl) Approach (Transparency 56).- 3. Lateral (Reid's) Approach (Transparency 57).- IX: Field Blocks.- A. Mammoplasty (Transparency 58).- B. Upper and Lower Abdomen (Transparency 59).- C. Inguinal Region (Transparency 60).- D. Penile Block (Transparency 61).- E. Anal Block (Transparency 62).