| Preface | p. xi |
| Acknowledgements | p. xv |
| In Defense of Informal Logic | p. 1 |
| Ad hominem rhetoric that is not an argument | p. 2 |
| Informal Logic should not be expected to provide tests of correctness | p. 4 |
| The unwarranted assumption behind Lambert and Ulrich's argument | p. 8 |
| Towards a better understanding of what a fallacy is | p. 11 |
| Conclusion: reflections on the need for a theory of fallacy | p. 13 |
| Notes | p. 14 |
| Begging what is at Issue in the Argument | p. 16 |
| Begging the conclusion in a sequence of propositions | p. 16 |
| Begging what is at issue in the argument | p. 19 |
| Walton's dialogical analysis of begging the question | p. 22 |
| Conclusion | p. 26 |
| Notes | p. 27 |
| The fallacy in the treatment of the ad baculum as a fallacy | p. 29 |
| Wreen on a mugging as a non-fallacious ad baculum | p. 29 |
| The ad baculum as a tactic to avoid or put an end to argument | p. 31 |
| Wreen on the irrelevance of what the speaker is doing | p. 33 |
| The importance of considering an argument in its context | p. 34 |
| The problem of identifying the premises and conclusion | p. 35 |
| What an argument is | p. 37 |
| Conclusion: what we are doing when we call something a 'fallacy' | p. 39 |
| Notes | p. 40 |
| In Defense of Rhetoric | p. 42 |
| A rhetorical approach to argument | p. 42 |
| The argument against the rhetorical approach | p. 46 |
| Perelman on audience adherence | p. 47 |
| Weddle on how argument correctness is audience-dependent | p. 51 |
| Rhetoric or Logic; a false dichotomy? | p. 53 |
| Conclusion | p. 56 |
| Notes | p. 58 |
| Towards a More Dynamic Conception of Argument | p. 59 |
| Different uses of 'argument' | p. 60 |
| Problems with the definition of 'argument' | p. 64 |
| The reconstruction of an argument that has been given | p. 67 |
| What is at issue in the reading and analysis of an argument | p. 69 |
| Conclusion | p. 74 |
| Notes | p. 75 |
| The Case of the Missing Premise | p. 77 |
| The problem as illustrated by contrived examples | p. 77 |
| Supplying a contrived example with a rhetorical context | p. 81 |
| Govier on the enthymeme | p. 83 |
| The PC Requirement | p. 87 |
| The critical analysis of an actual argument | p. 88 |
| Conclusion | p. 93 |
| Notes | p. 94 |
| The Limits of Critical Thinking | p. 96 |
| Fogelin on the limits of critical thinking | p. 96 |
| Normal and abnormal argumentative exchanges | p. 100 |
| Framework propositions | p. 101 |
| The inarguability of the key abortion premise | p. 102 |
| Karen Warren on conceptual frameworks | p. 106 |
| Andrew Lugg's diagnosis of Fogelin's mistake | p. 108 |
| Conclusion: the issue raised by Fogelin's argument | p. 109 |
| Notes | p. 110 |
| Why do Illiterates do so Badly in Logic? | p. 111 |
| Interpreting the responses of illiterate experimental subjects | p. 111 |
| What is the right answer to the logic problem? | p. 115 |
| The argument that the illiterates do reason deductively | p. 118 |
| Is there a logic language function in everyday reasoning? | p. 121 |
| Conclusion | p. 123 |
| Notes | p. 123 |
| Teaching logic: How to Overcome the Limitations of the | |
| Classroom | p. 125 |
| Why do students do so badly in Logic? | p. 126 |
| What a difference a first day makes | p. 129 |
| Giving a critical reading to actual rhetoric | p. 132 |
| Conclusion: the paradox of teaching critical thinking | p. 136 |
| Notes | p. 138 |
| The Application of Logic to Fields other than Itself | p. 139 |
| Exclusive and nonexclusive truth functional disjunction | p. 141 |
| The existence of the exclusive 'or' in everyday discourse | p. 143 |
| The application of truth-functional analysis to the field of Logic | p. 146 |
| Whether the logic problem is a practical application | p. 148 |
| The application of what is devised to fields outside of Logic | p. 149 |
| Conclusion | p. 151 |
| Notes | p. 153 |
| The Gettier Problem and the Parable of Ten Coins | p. 154 |
| The Gettier Problem and the problems with it | p. 154 |
| A dramatization of a Gettier Counterexample | p. 157 |
| Changing the example to get it to be a Gettier counterexample | p. 160 |
| Existential Generalization applies to Logic propositions | p. 162 |
| The underlying assumption of the Gettier Problem | p. 165 |
| Conclusion | p. 167 |
| Notes | p. 168 |
| The Unbearable Vagueness of Being | p. 169 |
| The borderline case conception of vagueness | p. 169 |
| The problem of what constitutes an application of a predicate | p. 172 |
| The Sorites Paradox | p. 176 |
| Why the Sorites matters | p. 181 |
| Conclusion | p. 183 |
| Notes | p. 183 |
| Zhuangzi: Philosophical Disputation as Transformative | p. 185 |
| Philosophy and transformation | p. 185 |
| Voices in illumination | p. 187 |
| The conflict between the Mohists and Confucians | p. 191 |
| Smoothing things out on the whetstone of Heaven | p. 194 |
| The happy fishes | p. 196 |
| What saying says is not fixed | p. 198 |
| The relation of language to a differenceless Reality | p. 200 |
| The ontology of language | p. 202 |
| Conclusion | p. 205 |
| Notes | p. 207 |
| References | p. 209 |
| Name Index | p. 217 |
| Subject Index | p. 221 |
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