Industry 4.0

Abstract vii

Foreword xi

Preface xv

Introduction xxiii

Chapter 1. Industry 4.0: Definition and the Acceleration of Innovations 1

1.1. General framework 1

1.2. Application areas 5

1.3. Dissemination of Industry 4.0 and the disciplines that contribute to its development 7

1.4. Artificial intelligence 13

1.4.1. General framework 13

1.4.2. Current limitations of AI 24

1.4.3. Learning with AI 27

1.5. The Internet of Things 30

1.6. Additive manufacturing 36

1.7. Robotization and automation 44

1.8. Current situation of Industry 4.0 48

1.8.1. Positioning 48

1.8.2. Industry 4.0 indicators 51

1.8.3. Some remarks 53

Chapter 2. Disciplinary Boundaries 67

2.1. A return to the notion of the boundary object 67

2.1.1. From the idea to its processing 68

2.1.2. The issue of convergence 74

2.2. Interdisciplinarity 85

Chapter 3. Technical Progress and Quality of Life at Work 95

3.1. General framework 95

3.2. Between acceptance and rejection, and between attractions and fears of technological progress 103

3.3. New organizations and new disorganizations 109

3.3.1. Co-working spaces 113

3.3.2. Connected workers 113

3.3.3. An obligation to train throughout life 114

3.3.4. The specific case of additive manufacturing 115

3.4. Environmental aspects 117

Chapter 4. Elements of Foresight and Possible Effects of Conceivable Scenarios 133

4.1. Major trends 137

4.2. Four scenarios 159

4.2.1. Introduction 160

4.2.2. The four scenarios 161

4.2.3. Blocking factors and probable scenario(s) 167

4.3. Possible effects on the development of the “Industry 4.0” concept 170

4.3.1. Reminders on creative innovation 171

4.3.2. Scenario–Industry 4.0 relationships 178

Chapter 5. What Can Be Done? 193

5.1. The administrative path 193

5.2. Effects on work based on the current inertial civilizational model 196

5.2.1. A preconclusion 202

5.3. New organizations 207

5.4. Ways of resourcing European, national and/or individual innovation 212

5.4.1. Industry 4.0 and research 212

5.4.2. Disciplinary convergence 214

5.5. Convergences 217

5.5.1. A “bad” example of convergence: NBIC convergence 217

5.5.2. What about “silent” technologies? 224

5.5.3. The “boiling frog” fable 227

5.6. Encouraging transformative, risky and interdisciplinary research 229

Conclusion 235

References 249

Index 309