Inside Relational Databases with Examples in Access

By: Bill Marklyn, Mark Whitehorn

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Paperback | 31 October 2006

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388 Pages

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23.5 x 17.78 x 2.54

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Contents Should we tell you the whole story? Of course, there is an inevitable tension in trying to work like this. For example, in Chapter 16 we talk about referential integrity. There are - sentially six different flavors of referential integrity but Access only s- ports four of them (they are the most important ones however, so you aren't missing out on too much). The problem is this. Should we tell you about the other two? If we do, as an Access user you have every right to be annoyed that we are telling you about a feature you can't use. On the other hand, the six different types that we describe are part of the re- tional world and this book is about that world - we are not trying to teach you how to use Access, we are simply using Access to illustrate the relational model. Ultimately we decided to risk your ire and to describe all of the features of the relational model as we see it, even if Access doesn't support all of them. One advantage of this approach is that if you need to use a different database engine you will almost certainly find the extra information useful. Incidentally, this is not meant to imply that Access is somehow lacking as a relational database engine. The reason we chose it for the first book is that it is such a good example of a relational database tool.

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Non-Fiction Computing & I.T.Databases Database Software Computer Science Digital Lifestyle & Online World: Consumer & User Guides Internet Guides & Online Services Database Design & Theory Relational Databases

Preface	p. xiii
Introduction	p. 1
Who are we?	p. 1
What is a database?	p. 2
Databases vs. Database Management Systems	p. 3
Relational Database Management Systems	p. 3
Why this book?	p. 4
Who should read this book?	p. 5
Organization of the book	p. 6
Some ground rules	p. 7
Downloading files from the website	p. 8
Acknowledgements	p. 8
We don't have problems...	p. 9
Outroduction	p. 9
A simple, single-table database	p. 11
Introduction to Part 1	p. 13
Tables	p. 13
Queries/Views	p. 14
Forms	p. 14
Reports	p. 15
Tables	p. 17
Rows & columns - records & fields	p. 18
Building a table	p. 22
Types of data	p. 23
Meaningful operations	p. 24
Excluding certain errors	p. 26
Making storage more efficient	p. 26
Making data recall more rapid	p. 28
Field size	p. 28
General notes on table design	p. 29
Queries/Views	p. 36
Queries usually find subsets of the data	p. 36
Queries, answer tables and base tables finally defined properly and closure mentioned briefly	p. 37
Summarizing data	p. 42
Other useful queries	p. 42
Graphical querying tools	p. 43
SQL and Views	p. 44
Forms	p. 45
Multiple forms per table	p. 48
Text boxes can be made read only	p. 49
Text boxes don't have to present data from just one field	p. 49
It isn't necessary for each field in a table to appear on the form	p. 51
Controlling data entry	p. 51
Use of forms can be controlled	p. 51
Forms can be web pages	p. 51
Summary	p. 52
Reports	p. 54
Summary of Part 1	p. 56
A multi-table database	p. 59
Introduction to Part 2	p. 61
Serious problems with single tables	p. 62
Redundant data	p. 63
Typographical errors	p. 63
Modifying data	p. 64
Summary	p. 65
Multiple tables cure serious problems	p. 67
Redundant data	p. 69
Typographical errors	p. 72
Modifying data	p. 72
Making multiple tables work together	p. 73
Databases are designed to model the real world	p. 74
Getting the data into the correct tables	p. 75
Not normalization (and not ER modeling either)	p. 77
Object identification	p. 78
Relationships in the real world	p. 81
One-to-many	p. 81
One-to-one	p. 82
Many-to-many	p. 82
None	p. 82
Mapping real world relationships to tables	p. 83
How are relationships modeled?	p. 84
Primary keys	p. 86
Foreign keys	p. 91
Summary so far	p. 92
Joins	p. 93
General lessons about joins	p. 106
Revisiting the big four - the synergy begins	p. 112
Closure	p. 112
Tables	p. 115
Queries (and a bit on forms)	p. 116
Forms	p. 123
Reports	p. 124
Integrity	p. 127
Data integrity - is it worth the effort?	p. 127
Types of data integrity error (and some cures)	p. 128
Declarative and procedural referential integrity	p. 134
Nulls in foreign keys	p. 139
These options in context	p. 142
Other integrity issues	p. 143
Integrity - where should you set it?	p. 143
Summary of Part 2	p. 146
Database Design & Architecture	p. 147
Database design	p. 149
Designing databases - user, logical and physical models	p. 149
The Logical model - overview	p. 151
More about the logical model	p. 152
CASE tools	p. 154
Summary so far	p. 158
The final big advantage of CASE tools	p. 158
More about the differences between the Logical and Physical models	p. 160
Reality check	p. 162
Normalization can help	p. 162
Reverse engineering	p. 163
Methodologies	p. 164
Summary of design models	p. 164
The seven layers of wisdom	p. 165
The seven layers of wisdom	p. 165
Database architecture	p. 168
Default Architecture in Access	p. 168
Access - PC front end - data on file server	p. 168
Client-server (or two-tier) architecture	p. 171
Three-tier architecture (also known as multi-tier)	p. 173
Web-based applications	p. 174
Choosing a database architecture	p. 176
What comes next	p. 177
Related database topics	p. 179
What exactly is a relational database?	p. 181
Do multiple tables a relational database make?	p. 181
Triggers and stored procedures	p. 183
Triggers	p. 183
Stored procedures	p. 187
Summary - triggers and stored procedures	p. 189
Transactions, logs, backup, locking and concurrency	p. 190
Transactions	p. 190
Logs	p. 191
Locking	p. 197
Concurrency	p. 199
Row locking and page locking	p. 199
Access and the features described in this chapter	p. 200
Answers from earlier	p. 200
Codd's rules	p. 201
Codd's rules	p. 201
Economy vs. readability	p. 201
A little background	p. 202
The rules themselves	p. 202
Summary	p. 213
Normalization	p. 215
A first look at normalization	p. 215
First normal form (first level of normalization): 1NF	p. 216
Second normal form (second level of normalization): 2NF	p. 218
Third normal form (third level of normalization): 3NF	p. 220
Summary so far	p. 221
Adding some definitions	p. 222
Summary (again)	p. 231
More about normalization	p. 233
Higher normal forms	p. 233
Normalization doesn't automatically remove all redundancy	p. 237
Summary	p. 242
The system tables	p. 244
More on queries: data manipulation	p. 246
Relational operators	p. 246
Summary	p. 256
SQL	p. 258
SELECT and FROM	p. 261
DISTINCT	p. 262
WHERE	p. 262
Conditions	p. 263
ORDER BY	p. 267
Wildcards	p. 270
Sub-queries	p. 271
Built-in functions	p. 272
GROUP BY - collecting information	p. 276
GROUP BY...HAVING - collecting specific information	p. 282
Working with multiple tables	p. 285
Inner (Natural) joins	p. 290
Outer joins	p. 291
UNION	p. 293
SELECT summary	p. 296
INSERT	p. 297
UPDATE	p. 300
DELETE	p. 302
A question (and a free SQL diagnostic tool)	p. 303
Summary	p. 306
Domains	p. 307
What does null mean?	p. 309
Primary keys	p. 313
Candidate keys	p. 315
Speeding up your database	p. 317
Hardware considerations	p. 319
CPUs	p. 320
Memory	p. 320
Disks	p. 322
Data volume vs. disk capacity	p. 322
Don't put all your eggs in one basket	p. 323
Indexing	p. 324
Indexing techniques	p. 324
Applying indexes - which fields/columns should be indexed?	p. 333
Intelligent use of indexes	p. 337
More on optimization	p. 338
Query optimization	p. 338
Update statistics	p. 339
Query analysis	p. 340
Writing good SQL code	p. 342
Denormalization	p. 344
Mirroring tables	p. 345
Splitting tables	p. 346
Redundant data	p. 348
Repeating groups (breaking 1NF)	p. 349
Derived columns	p. 351
Summary	p. 352
GUIs, macros and control languages	p. 353
Creating a very simple user interface	p. 353
Other languages - SQL	p. 362
Index	p. 365
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

Inside Relational Databases with Examples in Access

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