List of Symbols | p. xv |
Basics of Optical Emission and Absorption | p. 1 |
Properties of Light | p. 1 |
Energy Bands of Semiconductor Materials | p. 3 |
Optical Absorption of Semiconductor Materials | p. 4 |
Photogeneration | p. 6 |
External Quantum Efficiency and Responsivity | p. 7 |
Theory | p. 11 |
Semiconductor Equations | p. 11 |
Important Models for Photodetectors | p. 15 |
Carrier Drift | p. 15 |
Carrier Diffusion | p. 19 |
Internal Quantum Efficiency | p. 23 |
Equivalent Circuit of a Photodiode | p. 24 |
Silicon Technologies and Integrated Photodetectors | p. 29 |
Bipolar Processes | p. 29 |
Integrated Detectors in Standard Bipolar Technology | p. 32 |
Photodiodes | p. 32 |
Phototransistors | p. 34 |
Integrated Detectors in Modified Bipolar Technology | p. 35 |
UV Sensor | p. 35 |
PIN Photodiode Integration | p. 36 |
Color Sensor | p. 39 |
CMOS Processes | p. 40 |
One-Well Processes | p. 40 |
Twin-Well Processes | p. 41 |
CMOS-Integrated Detectors | p. 42 |
Integrated Detectors in Standard CMOS Processes | p. 42 |
Spatially-Modulated-Light Detector | p. 49 |
PIN Photodiode Integration | p. 51 |
Finger Photodiodes | p. 75 |
Avalanche Photodiodes | p. 84 |
Bipolar Phototransistors | p. 90 |
Field-Effect Phototransistors | p. 94 |
Photonic Mixer Device | p. 98 |
Particle Detector | p. 99 |
Charge-Coupled-Device Image Sensors | p. 100 |
Active-Pixel Sensors | p. 104 |
Schottky Photodiodes | p. 114 |
MSM-Photodetectors | p. 122 |
Polycrystalline Photodiode | p. 127 |
Amorphous-Silicon Detectors | p. 128 |
BiCMOS Processes | p. 134 |
BiCMOS-Integrated Detectors | p. 140 |
Optoelectronic Devices in Thin Crystalline Silicon Films | p. 155 |
Photodiodes in SOI | p. 156 |
Phototransistors in SOI | p. 164 |
Optical Modulators in SOI | p. 166 |
Silicon on Sapphire | p. 169 |
Polyimide Bonding | p. 171 |
Silicon Power Devices | p. 173 |
Light-Activated Thyristors | p. 173 |
Light-Activated Triac | p. 176 |
SiGe Photodetectors | p. 179 |
Heteroepitaxial Growth | p. 179 |
Absorption Coefficient of SiGe Alloys | p. 180 |
Ge-on-Si Photodetector | p. 181 |
SiGeC | p. 193 |
SiGe Waveguide Photodetector | p. 195 |
Long-Wavelength Infrared SiGe Photo conductor | p. 197 |
SiGe/Si PIN Hetero-Bipolar-Transistor Integration | p. 201 |
SiGe Phototransistors | p. 203 |
Detectors Based on Resonant Cavity | p. 205 |
Principle of Resonant Cavity Enhanced Detectors | p. 205 |
Example of a Resonant Cavity Enhanced Silicon Detector | p. 208 |
III-V Semiconductor Materials on Silicon | p. 213 |
Heteroepitaxial Growth | p. 213 |
Flip-chip Hybridization Technique | p. 219 |
Bonding | p. 225 |
Directly Bonded Photodetectors | p. 227 |
Directly Bonded Light Emitters | p. 232 |
Indirect Bonding | p. 236 |
Silicon Light Emitters | p. 237 |
PN Junctions | p. 237 |
Quantum-Size Silicon | p. 239 |
SiGe and SiGeC | p. 246 |
Rare-Earth Doped Devices | p. 247 |
Semiconducting Silicides | p. 251 |
Organic Polymers on Silicon | p. 252 |
Liquid Crystals | p. 254 |
Integrated Optics | p. 257 |
Waveguides | p. 257 |
Total Reflection | p. 257 |
Losses | p. 258 |
Waveguides for Visible and Infrared Light | p. 259 |
Waveguides for Infrared Light | p. 264 |
Waveguide Grating Couplers | p. 267 |
Photonic Bandgap Filter and Waveguide | p. 268 |
Optical Amplifier | p. 272 |
Examples of Integrated Optical Systems | p. 274 |
Optical Interconnects | p. 274 |
Optical Transceiver | p. 280 |
Micro-Spectrometer | p. 281 |
Optical Pressure Sensor | p. 282 |
Optical Distance Sensor | p. 283 |
Optical Pickup Devices | p. 284 |
Microsystem for Fluorescence Analysis | p. 286 |
Optical Switches | p. 287 |
Design of Integrated Circuits | p. 289 |
Circuit Simulators and Transistor Models | p. 289 |
Layout and Verification Tools | p. 294 |
Design of OEICs | p. 295 |
Transimpedance Amplifier | p. 298 |
Examples of Optoelectronic Integrated Circuits | p. 307 |
Digital CMOS Circuits | p. 307 |
Synchronous Circuits | p. 307 |
Asynchronous Circuits | p. 311 |
Digital BiCMOS Circuits | p. 313 |
Laser Driver Circuits | p. 314 |
Analog Circuits | p. 317 |
Bipolar Circuits | p. 317 |
CMOS Imagers | p. 320 |
CMOS Circuits for Optical Storage Systems | p. 324 |
BiCMOS Circuits for Optical Storage Systems | p. 330 |
Fiber Receivers | p. 338 |
Summary | p. 352 |
References | p. 355 |
Index | p. 379 |
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