The Concepts of Intelligent Macromolecules and Smart Devices | p. 1 |
Introduction | p. 1 |
The Concept of Intelligent Macromolecules | p. 4 |
Synthetic Macromolecules | p. 4 |
Chain Structure and Classification | p. 4 |
Synthesis | p. 6 |
Chain Conformation | p. 9 |
Macromolecular Structure in Solution | p. 12 |
Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and Quaternary Structure | p. 18 |
Biological Macromolecules | p. 19 |
Structure of DNA | p. 19 |
Structure of Proteins | p. 21 |
Structure of Polysaccharides | p. 25 |
Carbon Nanomaterials | p. 27 |
Intelligent Macromolecules | p. 28 |
The Concept of Smart Devices | p. 29 |
Self-assembling and Micro-/Nano-fabrication | p. 29 |
Functional Structures and Smart Devices | p. 31 |
References | p. 35 |
Intelligent Macromolecules | |
Conducting Polymers | p. 41 |
Introduction | p. 41 |
Conjugated Conducting Polymers | p. 42 |
Structure and Properties | p. 42 |
¿-¿* Conjugation | p. 42 |
Doping | p. 43 |
Synthesis | p. 50 |
Syntheses of Soluble Conjugated Polymers | p. 51 |
Syntheses of Conjugated Polymer Films | p. 60 |
Charge Transfer Polymers | p. 63 |
Organic Charge Transfer Complexes | p. 63 |
Polymeric Charge Transfer Complexes | p. 64 |
Charge Transfer Between Fullerene C60 and Polymers | p. 67 |
Ionically Conducting Polymers | p. 68 |
Structural Features of Polymer Electrolytes | p. 68 |
Transport Properties and Chain Dynamics | p. 69 |
Conductively Filled Polymers | p. 72 |
Polymers Filled with Conductive Solids | p. 72 |
Polymers Filled with Conjugated Conducting Polymers | p. 76 |
References | p. 76 |
Stimuli-responsive Polymers | p. 81 |
Introduction | p. 81 |
Solvent-responsive Polymers | p. 82 |
Temperature-responsive Polymers | p. 86 |
Temperature-responsive Polymers in Solution | p. 86 |
Temperature-responsive Polymers on Surface | p. 91 |
pH-responsive Polymers | p. 95 |
Ionically Responsive Polymers | p. 97 |
Electrically Responsive Polymers | p. 98 |
Photoelectrochromism | p. 103 |
Photoresponsive Polymers | p. 104 |
Biochromism | p. 111 |
Photomodulation of Enzyme Activity | p. 113 |
References | p. 113 |
Dendrimers and Fullerenes | p. 117 |
Introduction | p. 117 |
Dendrimers | p. 119 |
Synthesis | p. 119 |
Divergent Approach | p. 119 |
Convergent-growth Approach | p. 122 |
Other Miscellaneous Approaches | p. 123 |
Structure | p. 127 |
Dendrimers with a Metal Core | p. 127 |
Dendrimers with a Hollow Core | p. 127 |
Dendrimers with a Hydrophobic Interior and Hydrophilic Exterior Layer | p. 129 |
Dendrimers with Guest Molecules Trapped in their Cavities | p. 131 |
Dendrimers with Different Terminal Groups - Dendritic Block Copolymers | p. 132 |
Fullerene C60 | p. 133 |
Chemistry of C60 | p. 134 |
Addition Reactions | p. 134 |
Dimerization and Polymerization | p. 139 |
Polymeric Derivatives of C60 | p. 140 |
Fullerene Charm Bracelets | p. 141 |
Fullerene Pearl Necklaces | p. 144 |
Flagellenes | p. 146 |
References | p. 150 |
Carbon Nanotubes | p. 157 |
Introduction | p. 157 |
Structure | p. 159 |
Property | p. 160 |
Synthesis | p. 165 |
Multi-wall Carbon Nanotubes (MWNTs) | p. 165 |
Single-wall Carbon Nanotubes (SWNTs) | p. 166 |
Purification | p. 167 |
Microfabrication | p. 168 |
Opening, Filling and Closing | p. 168 |
Filling | p. 170 |
Tip-closing | p. 172 |
Chemical Modification | p. 172 |
End-functionalization | p. 173 |
Oxidation of Carbon Nanotubes | p. 173 |
Covalent-Coupling via the Oxidized Nanotube Ends | p. 174 |
Modification of Nanotube Outerwall | p. 179 |
Sidewall Fluorination of Carbon Nanotubes | p. 179 |
The Attachment of Dichlorocarbene to the Sidewall | p. 181 |
Modification via 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylides | p. 181 |
The Reaction Between Aniline and Carbon Nanotubes | p. 182 |
Functionalization of Carbon Nanotube Innerwall | p. 184 |
Other Physical Chemistries of Carbon Nanotubes | p. 185 |
Modification of Carbon Nanotubes via Mechanochemical Reactions | p. 185 |
Modification of Carbon Nanotubes via Electrochemical Reactions | p. 186 |
Modification of Carbon Nanotubes via Photochemical Reactions | p. 187 |
Non-covalent Chemistry of Carbon Nanotubes | p. 188 |
Non-covalent Attachment of Small Molecules onto the Nanotube Sidewall | p. 188 |
Non-covalent Wrapping of Polymer Chains onto the Nanotube Sidewall | p. 190 |
Modification of Aligned Carbon Nanotubes | p. 191 |
Plasma Activation of Aligned Carbon Nanotubes | p. 192 |
Acid Oxidation with Structural Protection | p. 194 |
Electrochemical Modification of Aligned Carbon Nanotubes | p. 195 |
References | p. 196 |
From Intelligent Macromolecules to Smart Devices | |
Ordered and Patterned Macromolecules | p. 203 |
Introduction | p. 203 |
Oriented and Patterned Conjugated Polymers | p. 204 |
The Necessity | p. 204 |
For Electronic Applications | p. 204 |
For Non-linear Optical Applications | p. 205 |
Oriented Conjugated Polymers | p. 206 |
Synthesis-induced Orientation | p. 206 |
Liquid Crystalline Conjugated Polymers | p. 208 |
Post-synthesis Orientation | p. 213 |
Patterned Conjugated Polymers | p. 215 |
Photolithographic Patterning | p. 217 |
Pattern Formation by Self-assembling | p. 220 |
Pattern Formation by Polymer Phase Separation | p. 223 |
Plasma Patterning of Conjugated Polymers | p. 225 |
Aligned and Patterned Carbon Nanotubes | p. 228 |
The Necessity | p. 228 |
Molecular Computing | p. 229 |
Electron Emitters | p. 229 |
For Membrane Applications | p. 229 |
Horizontally Aligned and Micropatterned Carbon Nanotubes | p. 230 |
Horizontally Aligned Carbon Nanotubes | p. 230 |
Micropatterns of Horizontally Aligned Carbon Nanotubes | p. 232 |
Perpendicularly Aligned and Micropatterned Carbon Nanotubes | p. 236 |
Perpendicularly Aligned Carbon Nanotubes | p. 236 |
Micropatterns of Perpendicularly Aligned Carbon Nanotubes | p. 239 |
Perpendicularly Aligned and Micropatterned Carbon Nanotubes by Self-assembly | p. 249 |
Aligned Non-carbon Nanotubes | p. 252 |
Aligned B: C: N Nanotubes | p. 252 |
Aligned Inorganic Nanotubes | p. 252 |
Aligned Polymer Nanotubes | p. 253 |
Aligned Peptide Nanotubes | p. 253 |
References | p. 254 |
Macromolecular Nanostructures | p. 265 |
Introduction | p. 265 |
Polymer Nanoparticles | p. 266 |
Polymer Nanospheres by Polymerization | p. 266 |
Dispersion of Pre-formed Polymers | p. 268 |
Polymer Nanosphere by Emulsifying Dispersion | p. 269 |
Polymer Nanospheres by Supercritical Fluid Method | p. 269 |
Self-assembling of Pre-formed Polymers | p. 269 |
Shell-core Polymer Nanoparticles | p. 270 |
Polymer Nanowires, Nanotubes and Nanofibers | p. 275 |
Tip-assisted Syntheses of Polymer Nanowires | p. 275 |
Template Syntheses of Polymer Nanowires, Nanotubes and Nanofibers | p. 279 |
Electrospinning of Polymer Nanofibers | p. 282 |
Polymer Nanofilms | p. 286 |
Polymer Nanofilms by Solution Casting | p. 286 |
Polymer Nanofilms by Plasma Polymerization | p. 287 |
Polymer Nanofilms by Langmuir-Blodgett Deposition | p. 288 |
Polymer Brushes by End-adsorption | p. 289 |
Polymer Mushrooms | p. 296 |
Polymer Brushes | p. 297 |
Nanostructured Polymers with Special Architectures | p. 300 |
Self-assembly of Ordered Nanoporous Polymers | p. 300 |
Coaxial Polymer Nanowires and Nanofibers | p. 302 |
Multilayered Polymer Nanofilms | p. 305 |
Nanostructured Polymers by Phase Separation | p. 309 |
References | p. 311 |
Smart Devices | |
Electronic Devices | p. 321 |
Introduction | p. 321 |
Conjugated Polymer Devices | p. 321 |
Electromagnetic Shielding | p. 322 |
Schottky Barrier Diodes and Field-effect Transistors | p. 326 |
Schottky Barrier Diodes | p. 326 |
Field-effect Transistors | p. 329 |
C60 Superconductivity | p. 330 |
Polymer Batteries and Carbon Nanotube Supercapacitors | p. 333 |
Conducting Polymer Batteries | p. 333 |
Biofuel Cells | p. 336 |
Carbon Nanotube Supercapacitors | p. 337 |
Carbon Nanotube Nanoelectronics | p. 338 |
Carbon Nanotube Nanowires | p. 338 |
Carbon Nanotube Superconductors | p. 340 |
Carbon Nanotube Rings | p. 340 |
Carbon Nanotube Nanocircuits | p. 342 |
Carbon Nanotube-based Random Access Memory (RAM) for Molecular Computing | p. 345 |
DNA Molecular Wires and DNA Computing | p. 346 |
DNA Molecular Wires | p. 346 |
DNA Computing on Chips | p. 351 |
References | p. 353 |
Photonic Devices | p. 357 |
Introduction | p. 357 |
Light-emitting Polymer Displays | p. 359 |
Device Construction | p. 359 |
Quantum Efficiency | p. 361 |
Interface Engineering | p. 364 |
Chemical Derivatization of the Metal Electrodes | p. 364 |
Polymer-polymer Interface | p. 366 |
Modification of the Charge Injection Characteristics | p. 368 |
Light-emitting Electrochemical Cells (LECs) | p. 368 |
Color Tuning | p. 372 |
Patterned Emission | p. 375 |
Laser Action of Conjugated Polymers | p. 376 |
Carbon Nanotube Displays | p. 378 |
Bucky Light Bulbs and Optical Limiters | p. 381 |
C60 Light Bulbs | p. 381 |
C60 Optical Limiters | p. 381 |
Photovoltaic Cells | p. 383 |
Polymer Photovoltaic Cells Containing Fullerenes | p. 383 |
Polymer Photovoltaic Cells Containing Carbon Nanotubes | p. 385 |
Light-harvesting Dendrimers | p. 387 |
Electronic Windows, Electrochromic Displays and Electronic Papers | p. 392 |
Electrochromic Windows | p. 392 |
Electrochromic Displays | p. 393 |
Electronic Papers | p. 395 |
References | p. 397 |
Sensors and Sensor Arrays | p. 405 |
Introduction | p. 405 |
Conjugated Polymers Sensors | p. 406 |
Conjugated Polymer Sensors with Electrical Transducers | p. 406 |
Conjugated Polymer Conductometric Sensors | p. 407 |
Conjugated Polymer Potentiometric Sensors | p. 412 |
Conjugated Polymer Amperometric Sensors | p. 412 |
Conjugated Polymer Voltammetric Sensors | p. 413 |
Conjugated Polymer Sensors with Optical Transducers | p. 413 |
Conjugated Polymer Fluorescent Ion Chemosensors | p. 413 |
Conjugated Polymer Fluorescent TNT Sensors | p. 418 |
Conjugated Polymer Light-harvesting "Turn-on" Sensors | p. 420 |
Charge Transfer Polymer Sensors | p. 422 |
Ionically Conducting Polymer Sensors | p. 422 |
Conductively Filled Polymers Sensors | p. 423 |
Conductively Filled Polymer Humidity Sensors | p. 424 |
Conductively Filled Polymer Gas Sensors | p. 425 |
Conducting Polymer-coated Fabric Sensors: Smart Textiles | p. 425 |
Dendrimer Sensors | p. 426 |
Dendrimer Gas Sensors | p. 426 |
Dendrimer Iodine (Vapor) Sensor | p. 426 |
Dendrimer SO2 Gas Sensors | p. 426 |
Dendrimer CO Gas Sensors | p. 427 |
Dendrimer Sensors for Carbonyl Compounds | p. 428 |
Fullerene C60 Sensors | p. 428 |
Fullerene Humidity Sensors | p. 428 |
Fullerene Gas Sensors | p. 430 |
Carbon Nanotube Sensors | p. 431 |
Carbon Nanotube Gas Sensors | p. 431 |
Carbon Nanotube Ammonia and Nitrogen Dioxide Sensors | p. 431 |
Carbon Nanotube Hydrogen Sensors | p. 433 |
Carbon Nanotube Oxygen Sensors | p. 434 |
Carbon Nanotube Thermoelectric Nanonose | p. 435 |
Carbon Nanotube Carbon Dioxide Sensors | p. 439 |
Carbon Nanotube Pressure and Temperature Sensors | p. 440 |
Carbon Nanotube Chemical Force Sensors | p. 442 |
Carbon Nanotube Resonator Mass Sensors | p. 443 |
Carbon Nanotube Glucose Sensors | p. 444 |
DNA Sensors | p. 446 |
DNA Sensors Based on Oligonucleotide-functionalized Polypyrroles | p. 447 |
DNA Diagnostic Biosensors | p. 447 |
DNA Sensor for Detection of Hepatitis B Virus | p. 447 |
DNA Fluorescent Sensor for Lead Ions | p. 448 |
DNA Molecular Break Lights | p. 449 |
DNA Quartz Oscillators and Cantilevers | p. 450 |
Sensors Arrays | p. 451 |
Conducting Polymer "Electronic Noses" | p. 452 |
DNA Arrays | p. 454 |
Protein Arrays | p. 455 |
References | p. 456 |
Actuators and Nanomechanical Devices | p. 461 |
Introduction | p. 461 |
Conducting Polymer Actuators | p. 462 |
Self-powered Actuators | p. 465 |
Conducting Polymer Microtweezers | p. 466 |
Actuators Based on Composites of Ion-exchange Polymers and Metals | p. 468 |
Responsive Polymer Actuators | p. 471 |
Carbon Nanotube Actuators | p. 475 |
Smart Electromechanical Devices Based on Carbon Nanotubes | p. 478 |
Carbon Nanotube Quantum Resistors and Nanoresonators | p. 478 |
Carbon Nanotube Nanoprobes | p. 481 |
Carbon Nanotube Nanotweezers | p. 483 |
Carbon Nanotube Bearings, Switches and Gears | p. 484 |
C60 Abacus and Fullerene Vehicles | p. 487 |
Smart Devices Based on Biomolecules | p. 488 |
Flagellar Motors | p. 488 |
DNA Switches | p. 488 |
References | p. 489 |
Index | p. 491 |
Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved. |