Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals 2e

Commonly Used Symbols, Subscripts, and Abbreviations
CHAPTER 1 Engine Types and Their Operation
1.1 Introduction and Historical Perspective
1.2 Engine Classifications
1.3 Engine Operating Cycles
1.4 Engine Components
1.5 Multicylinder Engines
1.6 Spark-Ignition Engine Operation
1.7 Different Types of Four-Stroke SI Engines
1.7.1 Spark-Ignition Engines with Port Fuel Injection
1.7.2 SI Engines for Hybrid Electric Vehicles
1.7.3 Boosted SI Engines
1.7.4 Direct-Injection SI Engines
1.7.5 Prechamber SI Engines
1.7.6 Rotary Engines
1.8 Compression-Ignition Engine Operation
1.9 Different Types of Diesel Engines
1.10 Two-Stroke Cycle Engine Operation
1.11 Fuels
1.11.1 Gasoline and Diesel
1.11.2 Alternative Fuels
Problems
References
CHAPTER 2 Engine Design and Operating Parameters
2.1 Important Engine Characteristics
2.2 Geometrical Relationships for Reciprocating Engines
2.3 Forces in Reciprocating Mechanism
2.4 Brake Torque and Power
2.5 Indicated Work per Cycle
2.6 Mechanical Efficiency
2.7 Mean Effective Pressure
2.8 Specific Fuel Consumption and Efficiency
2.9 Air/Fuel and Fuel/Air Ratios
2.10 Volumetric Efficiency
2.11 Specific Power, Specific Weight, and Specific Volume
2.12 Correction Factors for Power and Volumetric Efficiency
2.13 Specific Emissions and Emissions Index
2.14 Relationships between Performance Parameters
2.15 Engine Design and Performance Data
2.16 Vehicle Power Requirements
Problems
References
CHAPTER 3 Thermochemistry of Fuel-Air Mixtures
3.1 Characterization of Flames
3.2 Ideal Gas Model
3.3 Composition of Air and Fuels
3.4 Combustion Stoichiometry
3.5 The First Law of Thermodynamics and Combustion
3.5.1 Energy and Enthalpy Balances
3.5.2 Enthalpies of Formation
3.5.3 Heating Values
3.5.4 Adiabatic Combustion Processes
3.5.5 Combustion Efficiency of an Internal Combustion Engine
3.6 The Second Law of Thermodynamics Applied to Combustion
3.6.1 Entropy
3.6.2 Maximum Work from an Internal Combustion Engine and Efficiency
3.7 Chemically Reacting Gas Mixtures
3.7.1 Chemical Equilibrium
3.7.2 Chemical Reaction Rates
Problems
References
CHAPTER 4 Properties of Working Fluids
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Unburned Mixture Composition
4.3 Gas Property Relationships
4.4 A Simple Analytic Ideal Gas Model
4.5 Thermodynamic Property Charts
4.5.1 Unburned Mixture Charts
4.5.2 Burned Mixture Charts
4.5.3 Relation between Unburned and Burned Mixture Charts
4.6 Tables of Properties and Composition
4.7 Computer Routines for Property and Composition Calculations
4.7.1 Unburned Mixtures
4.7.2 Burned Mixtures
4.8 Transport Properties
4.9 Exhaust Gas Composition
4.9.1 Species Concentration Data
4.9.2 Equivalence Ratio Determination from Exhaust Gas Constituents
4.9.3 Effects of Fuel/Air Ratio Nonuniformity
4.9.4 Combustion Inefficiency
Problems
References
CHAPTER 5 Ideal Models of Engine Cycles
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Ideal Models of Engine Processes
5.3 Thermodynamic Relations for Engine Processes
5.4 Cycle Analysis with Ideal Gas Working Fluid with cv and cp Constant
5.4.1 Constant-Volume Cycle
5.4.2 Limited- and Constant-Pressure Cycles
5.4.3 Cycle Comparison
5.5 Fuel-Air Cycle Analysis
5.5.1 SI Engine Cycle Simulation
5.5.2 CI Engine Cycle Simulation
5.5.3 Results of Cycle Calculations
5.6 Overexpanded Engine Cycles
5.7 Availability Analysis of Engine Processes
5.7.1 Availability Relationships
5.7.2 Entropy Changes in Ideal Cycles
5.7.3 Availability Analysis o