List of Figures | p. xi |
List of Tables | p. xv |
Preface | p. xvii |
Contributing Authors | p. xxi |
The Role of Satellite Networks in the 21st Century | p. 1 |
Introduction | p. 1 |
Internet over Satellite Architecture | p. 3 |
The Roles of Satellite Network in the Internet | p. 4 |
The Role of Satellite in the Satellite Network | p. 5 |
Common Applications | p. 7 |
Visions for the Future | p. 9 |
Commercial Market | p. 9 |
The DARPA NGI Vision | p. 10 |
Challenges | p. 11 |
Satellite Constellation Networks | p. 13 |
Introduction | p. 13 |
Benefits of Going to LEO | p. 15 |
Describing the Systems | p. 17 |
Geometry, Topology and Delay | p. 19 |
Delay | p. 23 |
Handover | p. 26 |
Networking Design | p. 28 |
Simulators | p. 31 |
Summary | p. 32 |
Medium Access Control Protocols for Satellite Communications | p. 35 |
Introduction | p. 35 |
Polling Based Access Protocols | p. 41 |
Fixed Assignment Multiple Access (FAMA) Protocols | p. 41 |
Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) | p. 42 |
Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) | p. 43 |
Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) | p. 45 |
Random Access Protocols | p. 46 |
Asynchronous Random Access Protocols | p. 47 |
Aloha | p. 47 |
Selective-Reject Aloha (SREJ-Aloha) | p. 49 |
Synchronous Random Access Protocols | p. 50 |
Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) | p. 52 |
Demand Assignment Multiple Access (DAMA) Protocols | p. 52 |
Demand Assignment Based on FDMA | p. 56 |
Making Reservations by Contention Based Access | p. 57 |
Reservation Aloha (R-Aloha) | p. 57 |
Priority-Oriented Demand Assignment (PODA) | p. 58 |
Split-Channel Reservation Multiple Access (SRMA) | p. 62 |
The Time-of-Arrival Collision Resolution Algorithm (CRA) | p. 63 |
Packet-Demand Assignment Multiple Access (PDAMA) | p. 67 |
Hybrid Protocols | p. 69 |
Round-Robin Reservations (RRR) | p. 69 |
Interleaved Frame Flush-Out (IFFO) | p. 71 |
Split-Channel Reservation Upon Collision (SRUC) | p. 74 |
Announced Retransmission Random Access (ARRA) | p. 75 |
Scheduled-Retransmission Multiple Access (SRMA) | p. 77 |
Response Initiated Multiple Access (RIMA) | p. 81 |
Combined Free/Demand Assignment Multiple Access | p. 83 |
Fixed Boundary Integrated Access Scheme (FBIA) | p. 85 |
Combined Random/Reservation Multiple Access (CRRMA) | p. 87 |
Conclusions and Summary | p. 90 |
Direct Broadcast Satellites and Asymmetric Routing | p. 95 |
Introduction | p. 95 |
Problems with Dynamic Asymmetric Routing | p. 96 |
Unicast | p. 96 |
Multicast | p. 98 |
Tunneling: A Practical Solution | p. 98 |
Demonstration of Tunneling Approach | p. 100 |
RFC 3077: The IETF Standard | p. 103 |
Topology and Requirements | p. 104 |
Tunneling Mechanism Details | p. 105 |
Dynamic Tunnel Configuration | p. 107 |
Tunneling Protocol | p. 109 |
Current Status | p. 110 |
Limitations and Long-Term Solutions | p. 111 |
Using Satellite Links in the Delivery of Terrestrial Multicast Traffic | p. 115 |
Introduction | p. 115 |
Overview of Multicast Deployment | p. 117 |
Satellite Delivery of Multicast | p. 118 |
Integrating Satellite and Terrestrial Networks | p. 118 |
Using Satellite Paths for Multicast Sessions | p. 120 |
Motivation and Metrics | p. 120 |
Methodology | p. 122 |
Results | p. 122 |
When to Use Satellites? | p. 128 |
TCP Performance over Satellite Channels | p. 131 |
Introduction | p. 131 |
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Overview | p. 132 |
Basic TCP Operation | p. 132 |
Connection Establishment and Release | p. 132 |
Basic Loss Recovery and Congestion Avoidance | p. 134 |
Enhanced Loss Recovery and Congestion Avoidance | p. 135 |
TCP Performance Problems over Satellite Links | p. 136 |
Enhancing TCP Performance using Standard Mechanisms | p. 138 |
Window scale | p. 138 |
Path MTU discovery | p. 139 |
Error correction | p. 139 |
Further loss recovery enhancements | p. 140 |
Research Issues | p. 142 |
Connection startup | p. 143 |
Shared TCP state and TCP pacing | p. 146 |
Link asymmetry | p. 147 |
Experimental loss recovery techniques | p. 148 |
Implementation details | p. 149 |
TCP fairness | p. 149 |
Using multiple data connections | p. 151 |
Header compression | p. 152 |
TCP Performance Enhancement Proxy | p. 152 |
Additional protocols | p. 153 |
Summary | p. 154 |
TCP Performance Enhancement Proxy | p. 159 |
Introduction | p. 159 |
The Motivation | p. 161 |
The Slow-Start Problem | p. 161 |
The Window Size Problem | p. 162 |
The Practical Solution | p. 163 |
Basic Architecture | p. 164 |
Example: Deployment in HNS DirecPC | p. 166 |
Alternative Architecture and Mechanisms | p. 168 |
The Big Argument | p. 170 |
The End-to-end Reliability Issue | p. 170 |
The Fate Sharing Issue | p. 171 |
The "Show Stopper"? | p. 172 |
Conflicts between IPsec and TCPPEP | p. 172 |
The End-to-end Security Issue | p. 174 |
Researches on Resolving the Conflicts with IPsec | p. 176 |
Conclusion | p. 177 |
Performance Evaluation of TCP splitting over Satellite | p. 181 |
Introduction | p. 181 |
Model-based Analysis | p. 185 |
Network Model | p. 185 |
Lossless Links | p. 186 |
Delay Models | p. 187 |
Links with Random Losses | p. 190 |
The Server-Proxy Link is lossless | p. 190 |
Random Losses on Both Links | p. 192 |
Discussion | p. 193 |
Initial Window Size | p. 193 |
Slow or Congested Proxy | p. 195 |
File Size | p. 197 |
Connection With Asymmetric Segments | p. 197 |
The Experiment System | p. 199 |
Measurement-based Analysis | p. 201 |
Effect of File Size and Caching | p. 201 |
Effect of congestion and packet losses | p. 205 |
Effect of embedded objects and persistent connection | p. 211 |
Implications on System Design | p. 215 |
Conclusion | p. 216 |
Scheduling Data Broadcast | p. 221 |
Introduction | p. 221 |
The Basic Model | p. 223 |
Persistent User Model | p. 223 |
Impatient User Model | p. 224 |
Theoretical Results | p. 224 |
On-line Scheduling Algorithm | p. 225 |
Performance Evaluation | p. 226 |
Validation of algorithm | p. 227 |
Persistent user case | p. 228 |
Impatient user case | p. 229 |
Conclusions | p. 230 |
Deriving the Mean Access Time and the Variance of Access Time | p. 231 |
Minimizing the Variance of Access Time | p. 233 |
Deriving the Service Ratio | p. 234 |
Maximizing the service ratio | p. 235 |
Deriving The Mean Tuning Time | p. 236 |
Information Dissemination Applications | p. 239 |
Introduction | p. 240 |
IIDS architecture | p. 242 |
Mobile User Profiling | p. 243 |
Dynamic User Profile Clustering and Aggregation | p. 246 |
Incremental Clustering Framework | p. 247 |
Adaptive Re-clustering | p. 249 |
Evaluation | p. 250 |
Data Dissemination techniques | p. 254 |
Predictive Dissemination and Caching | p. 254 |
Bandwidth-Aware Filtering | p. 255 |
Reliable Multicast-based Dissemination | p. 256 |
Implementation and Demonstration | p. 257 |
Conclusions | p. 257 |
Index | p. 261 |
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