Preface xii
Dedication and Acknowledgments xiii
List of Symbols xiv
1 Soil Structure 1
1.1 Volume relationships 1
1.2 Weight?volume relationships 6
1.3 Alteration of soil structure by compaction 20
1.4 California bearing ratio (CBR) test 30
1.5 The pycnometer 35
Supplementary problems for Chapter 1 39
2 Classification of Cohesive Soils 43
2.1 Atterberg Limits 43
2.2 Consistency indices 64
2.3 Classification of soils by particle size 69
Supplementary problems for Chapter 2 91
3 Permeability and Seepage 92
3.1 Coefficient of permeability (k) 93
3.2 Seepage velocity 94
3.3 Determination of the value of k 96
3.4 Field pumping tests 102
3.5 Permeability of stratified soil 107
3.6 Flow nets 108
3.7 Erosion due to seepage 121
3.8 Prevention of piping 128
3.9 Flow net for earth dams 129
Supplementary problems for Chapter 3 135
4 Pressure at Depth Due to Surface Loading 139
4.1 Concentrated point load 140
4.2 Concentrated line load 142
4.3 Uniform strip loading (Michell's solution) 144
4.4 Bulb of pressure diagrams 147
4.5 Vertical pressure under triangular strip load 151
4.6 Vertical pressure under circular area 156
4.7 Rectangular footing 159
4.8 Footings of irregular shape 163
4.9 Pressure distribution under footings 167
4.10 Linear dispersion of pressure 170
Supplementary problems for Chapter 4 173
5 Effective Pressure 175
5.1 Unloaded state 175
5.2 Loaded state 177
5.3 Flooded state 180
5.4 Types of problem 182
5.5 Effect of seepage on shallow footings 194
5.6 Ground water lowering (at atmospheric pressure) 195
5.7 Reduction of artesian pressure 196
5.8 Capillary movement of water 199
Supplementary problems for Chapter 5 214
6 Shear Strength of Soils 219
6.1 Coulomb-Mohr Theory 220
6.2 Stress path 224
6.3 Effect of saturation 234
6.4 Measurement of shear strength 238
6.5 Thixotropy of clay 263
6.6 Undrained cohesion and overburden pressure 263
Supplementary problems for Chapter 6 265
7 Consolidation and Settlement 268
7.1 Consolidation 268
7.2 The pressure-voids ratio curve 270
7.3 Forms of the s'-e curve 279
7.4 Coefficient of compressibility 281
7.5 Coefficient of volume change 282
7.6 Estimation of settlement 284
7.7 Rate of consolidation 291
7.8 Pore pressure isochrones 301
7.9 Coefficient of permeability 310
7.10 Time from similarity 310
7.11 Total settlement 311
Supplementary problems for Chapter 7 314
8 Lateral Earth Pressure 319
8.1 Resistance to active expansion 320
8.2 The value of K0 321
8.3 Stress path representation 322
8.4 Rankine's theory of cohesionless soil 324
8.5 Rankine-Bell theory for c-f soil 334
8.6 Rankine-Bell theory for c-soil 336
8.7 Pressure-force and its line of action 336
8.8 Wall supporting sloping surface 342
8.9 General formulae for c-f soil 342
8.10 Formulae for pure clay (f =0) 349
8.11 Height of unsupported clay 350
8.12 Wedge theories 350
8.13 Stability of retaining walls 360
8.14 Sheet piles 368
8.15 Anchored sheet pile walls 375
8.16 Effect of ground water 393
8.17 Stability of deep trenches 400
8.18 Bentonite slurry support 406
Supplementary problems for Chapter 8 413
9 Bearing Capacity of Soils 420
9.1 Terminology 420
9.2 Shallow strip footing 424
9.3 Influence of footing shape 435
9.4 Shallow rectangular footing 436
9.5 Deep foundations 439
9.7 Pile Foundations 445
9.6 Standard penetration test (SPT) 443
9.8 Some reasons for choosing piles 449
9.9 Some reasons for not choosing piles 451
9.10 Effects necessitating caution 451
9.11 Negative skin friction 453
9.12 Stress distribution around piles 455
9.13 Load-carrying capacity of piles 455
9.14 End bearing resistance and SPT 464
9.15 Influence of pile section on Qu 465
9.16 Group of piles 465
Supplementary problems for Chapter 9 474
10 Stability of Slopes 479
10.1 Short-term and long-term stability 479
10.2 Total stress analysis (cohesive soils) 480
10.3 Effective stress analysis (cohesive soils) 513
10.4 Stability of infinite slopes 523
Supplementary problems for Chapter 10 528
11 Eurocode 7 530
11.1 Introduction 530
11.2 Recommended units 530
11.3 Limit states 531
11.4 Design procedures 531
11.5 Verification procedures 532
11.6 Application of partial factors 534
Appendices
Appendix A Mass and Weight 552
Appendix B Units, Conversion Factors and Unity Brackets 556
Appendix C Simpson's Rule 562
Appendix D Resultant Force and Its Eccentricity 567
Appendix E References 570
Index 572
