How to use the Jacaranda History Alive resource suite ix
Acknowledgements xi
Depth Study 1: Investigating the Ancient Past
1 Historians, archaeologists and the ancient past 1
1.1 Overview 1
1.2 Why study history? 2
1.3 Ages and time 5
1.4 Detective work 8
1.5 Evidence from archaeology 10
1.6 How old is it? 14
1.7 Sources for ancient Australia 16
1.8 Conserving the past 18
1.9 Conserving the heritage of ancient Australia 20
1.10 Virtual site studies 23
1.11 In their shoes 25
1.12 Research project: Virtual site study — Stonehenge 26
1.13 Review 27
2 Investigating an ancient mystery: the Olmec 30
2.1 Overview 30
2.2 How do we know about the Olmec? 32
2.3 Who were the Olmec? 34
2.4 The buried treasure of La Venta 36
2.5 The land of the were-jaguar 38
2.6 Human sacrifice? 40
2.7 Writing, numbers and calendars 42
2.8 Mysterious neighbours: the Chavin of Peru 44
2.9 The Olmec heritage 46
2.10 Review 48
Overview 1: The Ancient World
The Overview content has been split into two topics (topic 3 and 4) to provide a more logical and coherent coverage.
3 The ancient past before farming 50
3.1 Overview 50
3.2 How do we know about the Old Stone Age world? 52
3.3 Out of Africa 53
3.4 A changing Paleolithic world 57
3.5 An amazing journey 59
3.6 The wider picture: New Guinea and the Torres Strait Islands 63
3.7 Changing climate and changing technology 65
3.8 The ancient Australian economy 68
3.9 Society and culture 70
3.10 Review 74
4 The ancient past since farming 78
4.1 Overview 78
4.2 How do we know about the ancient past since farming? 80
4.3 The Mesolithic Age 82
4.4 The New Stone Age 84
4.5 Cities, laws, government 87
4.6 Society and culture 89
4.7 Civilisations and empires in North Africa, Western Asia and Europe 91
4.8 Discoveries and mysteries: Agamemnon and Troy 93
4.9 Civilisations in East and South Asia 96
4.10 Discoveries and mysteries: ancient America and the Nazca Lines 98
4.11 The ancient birth of modern religions and philosophies 102
4.12 SkillBuilder: Creating a timeline 106
4.13 Review 108
Depth Study 2: The Mediterranean World
5 Ancient Egypt 110
5.1 Overview .110
5.2 How do we know about ancient Egypt? 112
5.3 The gift of the Nile 114
5.4 The people of Egypt 116
5.5 Pharaoh rules! 121
5.6 Gods and the afterlife 123
5.7 Mummies unwrapped 125
5.8 Write like an Egyptian 127
5.9 SkillBuilder: Using ancient Egyptian primary sources 130
5.10 Pyramid builders 132
5.11 Tutankhamen revealed 134
5.12 Expansion and fall 136
5.13 Rameses II — Egypt’s greatest pharaoh? 138
5.14 Egypt’s heritage 141
5.15 Research project: The ancient Egypt exhibit 143
5.16 Review 144
6 Ancient Greece 147
6.1 Overview 147
6.2 How do we know about ancient Greece? 149
6.3 The Minoans and Mycenaeans 151
6.4 The rise of the Greek city-states 154
6.5 Government in Athens and Sparta 156
6.6 The Spartans 159
6.7 Athens — wonder of the ancient world 161
6.8 SkillBuilder: Using ancient Greek sources 165
6.9 Myths, gods and oracles 167
6.10 The Olympic Games 169
6.11 Greeks, Persians and Alexander the Great 171
6.12 The heritage of ancient Greece 176
6.13 Research project: Debate in the ecclesia 178
6.14 Review 179
7 Ancient Rome 182
7.1 Overview 182
7.2 How do we know about ancient Rome? 184
7.3 The rise of the Romans 186
7.4 The spreading empire 189
7.5 The Roman army 191
7.6 Citizens and rulers 193
7.7 Slavery and the gladiators’ revolt 198
7.8 SkillBuilder: Using ancient Roman primary sources 200
7.9 Living in the Roman Empire 202
7.10 Religion and the Romans 205
7.11 Decline and fall 208
7.12 Heritage of Rome 210
7.13 Research project: Time travel to ancient Rome 212
7.14 Review 213
Depth Study 3: The Asian World
8 Ancient China 216
8.1 Overview 216
8.2 How do we know about ancient China? 218
8.3 China’s civilisation begins 219
8.4 The people of ancient China 221
8.5 Ancient China and the natural environment 223
8.6 Confucianism, Daoism and Buddhism 225
8.7 The First Emperor 227
8.8 SkillBuilder: Recognising different perspectives 231
8.9 The rise and fall of the Han 232
8.10 The heritage of China 236
8.11 Research project: A virtual tour of ancient China 240
8.12 Review 241
9 Ancient India 244
9.1 Overview .244
9.2 How do we know about ancient India? 246
9.3 The geography of India 248
9.4 Lost cities of the Indus Valley 249
9.5 Living in the lost cities 252
9.6 Who ruled the Indus Valley? 255
9.7 The end of a civilisation 257
9.8 SkillBuilder: Recognising different perspectives 260
9.9 Vedic Civilisation, the Mauryan Empire and the Guptas 262
9.10 The Mauryan Empire: India’s first unified state 265
9.11 Ashoka the Great 268
9.12 The heritage of ancient India 270
9.13 Research project: Unlocking the secrets of the Indus Valley 275
9.14 Review 277
Glossary 280
Index 286
