Preface to the Second Edition | p. ix |
Preface to the First Edition | p. xiii |
A Special Tribute to Rudolf Kingslake | p. xv |
The Work of the Lens Designer | p. 1 |
Relations Between Designer and Factory | p. 2 |
The Design Procedure | p. 8 |
Optical Materials | p. 11 |
Interpolation of Refractive Indices | p. 16 |
Lens Types to be Considered | p. 20 |
Meridional Ray Tracing | p. 25 |
Introduction | p. 25 |
Graphical Ray Tracing | p. 30 |
Trigonometrical Ray Tracing at a Spherical Surface | p. 32 |
Some Useful Relations | p. 37 |
Cemented Doublet Objective | p. 41 |
Ray Tracing at a Tilted Surface | p. 42 |
Ray Tracing at an Aspheric Surface | p. 45 |
Paraxial Rays and First-Order Optics | p. 51 |
Tracing a Paraxial Ray | p. 52 |
Magnification and the Lagrange Theorem | p. 63 |
The Gaussian Optics of a Lens System | p. 67 |
First-Order Layout of an Optical System | p. 78 |
Thin-Lens Layout of Zoom Systems | p. 87 |
Aberration Theory | p. 101 |
Introduction | p. 101 |
Symmetrical Optical Systems | p. 101 |
Aberration Determination Using Ray Trace Data | p. 114 |
Calculation of Seidel Aberration Coefficients | p. 128 |
Chromatic Aberration | p. 137 |
Introduction | p. 137 |
Spherochromatism of a Cemented Doublet | p. 139 |
Contribution of a Single Surface to the Primary Chromatic Aberration | p. 143 |
Contribution of a Thin Element in a System to the Paraxial Chromatic Aberration | p. 145 |
Paraxial Secondary Spectrum | p. 149 |
Predesign of a Thin Three-Lens Apochromat | p. 152 |
The Separated Thin-Lens Achromatic (Dialyte) | p. 156 |
Chromatic Aberration Tolerances | p. 162 |
Chromatic Aberration at Finite Aperture | p. 163 |
Spherical Aberration | p. 173 |
Surface Contribution Formulas | p. 176 |
Zonal Spherical Aberration | p. 194 |
Primary Spherical Aberration | p. 197 |
The Image Displacement Caused by a Plano parallel Plate | p. 204 |
Spherical Aberration Tolerances | p. 206 |
Design of a Spherically Corrected Achromat | p. 209 |
The Four-Ray Method | p. 209 |
A Thin-Lens Predesign | p. 211 |
Correction of Zonal Spherical Aberration | p. 216 |
Design of an Apochromatic Objective | p. 220 |
Oblique Beams | p. 227 |
Passage of an Oblique Beam through a Spherical Surface | p. 227 |
Tracing Oblique Meridional Rays | p. 234 |
Tracing a Skew Ray | p. 238 |
Graphical Representation of Skew-Ray Aberrations | p. 243 |
Ray Distribution from a Single Zone of a Lens | p. 252 |
Coma and the Sine Condition | p. 255 |
The Optical Sine Theorem | p. 255 |
The Abbe Sine Condition | p. 256 |
Offense Against the Sine Condition | p. 258 |
Illustration of Comatic Error | p. 266 |
Design of Aplanatic Objectives | p. 269 |
Broken-Contact Type | p. 269 |
Parallel Air-Space Type | p. 272 |
An Aplanatic Cemented Doublet | p. 275 |
A Triple Cemented Aplanat | p. 277 |
An Aplanat with a Buried Achromatizing Surface | p. 280 |
The Matching Principle | p. 283 |
The Oblique Aberrations | p. 289 |
Astigmatism and the Coddington Equations | p. 289 |
The Petzval Theorem | p. 297 |
Illustration of Astigmatic Error | p. 306 |
Distortion | p. 306 |
Lateral Color | p. 313 |
The Symmetrical Principle | p. 316 |
Computation of the Seidel Aberrations | p. 318 |
Lenses in Which Stop Position Is a Degree of Freedom | p. 323 |
The H′ - L Plot | p. 323 |
Simple Landscape Lenses | p. 325 |
A Periscopic Lens | p. 331 |
Achromatic Landscape Lenses | p. 334 |
Achromatic Double Lenses | p. 339 |
Symmetrical Double Anastigmats with Fixed Stop | p. 351 |
The Design of a Dagor Lens | p. 351 |
The Design of an Air-Spaced Dialyte Lens | p. 355 |
A Double-Gauss-Type Lens | p. 363 |
Double-Gauss Lens with Cemented Triplets | p. 369 |
Double-Gauss Lens with Air-spaced Negative Doublets | p. 373 |
Unsymmetrical Photographic Objectives | p. 379 |
The Petzval Portrait Lens | p. 379 |
The Design of a Telephoto Lens | p. 388 |
Lenses to Change Magnification | p. 397 |
The Protar Lens | p. 400 |
Design of a Tessar Lens | p. 409 |
The Cooke Triplet Lens | p. 419 |
Mirror and Catadioptric Systems | p. 439 |
Comparison of Mirrors and Lenses | p. 439 |
Ray Tracing a Mirror System | p. 440 |
Single-Mirror Systems | p. 442 |
Single-Mirror Catadioptric Systems | p. 447 |
Two-Mirror Systems | p. 471 |
Multiple-Mirror Zoom Systems | p. 482 |
Summary | p. 497 |
Eyepiece Design | p. 501 |
Design of a Military-Type Eyepiece | p. 502 |
Design of an Erfle Eyepiece | p. 506 |
Design of a Galilean Viewfinder | p. 510 |
Automatic Lens Improvement Programs | p. 513 |
Finding a Lens Design Solution | p. 514 |
Optimization Principles | p. 518 |
Weights and Balancing Aberrations | p. 522 |
Control of Boundary Conditions | p. 523 |
Tolerances | p. 524 |
Program Limitations | p. 525 |
Lens Design Computing Development | p. 525 |
Programs and Books Useful for Automatic Lens Design | p. 529 |
Appendix: A Selected Bibliography of Writings | p. 535 |
Index | p. 537 |
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