| Introduction: Absorption of Sunlight in the Ocean | p. 1 |
| Inflow and Absorption of Sunlight in the Ocean | p. 1 |
| Case 1 and Case 2 Waters | p. 6 |
| The Light Absorption Coefficient and its Components in Sea Water | p. 7 |
| Light Absorption by Water Molecules and Inorganic Substances Dissolved in Sea Water | p. 11 |
| Light Absorption Spectra of Small Molecules Such as Water: Physical Principles | p. 11 |
| Vibrational-Rotational Absorption Spectra | p. 13 |
| Electronic Absorption Spectra | p. 28 |
| The Absorption of Light and Other Electromagnetic Radiation in Pure Liquid Water and Ice | p. 44 |
| Physical Mechanisms of Absorption | p. 45 |
| The Absorption of Electromagnetic Radiation in Pure Liquid Water | p. 52 |
| The Absorption of Electromagnetic Radiation in Ice | p. 64 |
| Light Absorption by Atoms, Sea-Salt Ions and Other Inorganic Substances Dissolved in Sea Water | p. 73 |
| Dissolved Gases | p. 75 |
| Salts | p. 75 |
| Inorganic Complex Ions | p. 80 |
| The Interaction of Light with Organic Molecules Present in Sea Water: Physical Principles | p. 82 |
| The Characteristic Absorption Properties of Simple Chromophores in Organic Molecules | p. 82 |
| The Absorption Properties of Complex Organic Molecules with Conjugated [pi]-Electrons | p. 93 |
| Linear Polyenes | p. 93 |
| Cyclic Polyenes | p. 100 |
| Mixed Conjugations ([pi]- and n-Electron) and Photosynthetic Pigments | p. 101 |
| The Influence of Auxochromic Groups and Complexes on the Optical Properties of Organic Compounds in the Sea | p. 105 |
| Intramolecular Interactions | p. 106 |
| The Solvent Effect | p. 108 |
| Organometallic Complexes | p. 109 |
| Charge-Transfer Complexes | p. 110 |
| Light Absorption by Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM) in Sea Water | p. 112 |
| Classification, Origin and General Characteristics of Light Absorption by the Principal Groups of Organic Absorbers in Sea Water | p. 115 |
| Occurrence and Origin of Organic Matter in the Ocean | p. 115 |
| Principal Organic Absorbers of Light in the Ocean | p. 119 |
| Analysis of the Conditions Governing UV-VIS Absorption by the Principal Organic Absorbers in the Sea | p. 121 |
| Amino acids and their Derivatives | p. 121 |
| Peptides and Proteins | p. 129 |
| Purines, Pyrimidines and Nucleic Acids | p. 133 |
| Lignins | p. 138 |
| Colored Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM) | p. 139 |
| The Total Absorption of UV-VIS Radiation by All Organic Substances Dissolved in Sea Water | p. 152 |
| Fine Spectral Structure | p. 155 |
| Absolute Magnitudes of Absorption Coefficients | p. 160 |
| The Slopes of Absorption Spectra | p. 163 |
| Light Absorption by Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) in Sea Water | p. 167 |
| The Optical Properties of Dispersing Media: Theoretical Principles | p. 169 |
| The Packaging Effect: What is it and How Does it Manifest Itself? | p. 170 |
| Light Absorption in Polydispersing Media: A Quantum-Mechanical - Electrodynamic Description | p. 172 |
| Elements of Mie Theory | p. 175 |
| Some Theoretical Optical Characteristics of Suspended Particles | p. 181 |
| Suspended Particulate Matter in the Sea: Nature, Origins, Chemical, and Physical Properties | p. 184 |
| Suspended Particulate Matter in the Sea: Main Types, Origins, and Resources | p. 184 |
| The Chemical Composition and Optical Constants of Mineral Particles | p. 197 |
| The Chemical Composition and Optical Constants of the Planktonic Components of Organic Particles | p. 206 |
| The Chemical Composition and Optical Constants of Organic Detritus | p. 228 |
| Sizes and Shapes of Particles | p. 252 |
| Light Absorption Properties of Nonalgal Particles: Results of Empirical Studies | p. 271 |
| Light Absorption Spectra of All Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) and Nonalgal Particles: General Characteristics | p. 272 |
| Spectra of the Mass-Specific Light Absorption Coefficients of Nonalgal Particles | p. 280 |
| Parameterization of the Particulate Matter Spectra for Oceanic Case 1 Waters | p. 291 |
| Light Absorption by Phytoplankton in the Sea | p. 295 |
| Abiotic Factors Governing Light Absorption by Phytoplankton in the Sea | p. 296 |
| The Trophicity of Marine Basins: A Factor Governing The Resources of Algae and Light Absorption | p. 298 |
| The Light Field: A Factor Governing the Composition of Light-Absorbing Pigments in Cells | p. 301 |
| Phytoplankton Pigments and their Electronic Absorption Spectra in the Visible Region | p. 311 |
| The Role of Phytoplankton and the Main Types of Phytoplankton Pigments | p. 311 |
| The Chemical Structure of Pigments | p. 315 |
| The Individual Absorption Properties of Pigment Extracts | p. 320 |
| The Individual Absorption Properties of Pigments in Vivo | p. 323 |
| The Native Forms of Chlorophyll Pigments | p. 328 |
| Phytoplankton Resources and Chlorophyll a Concentrations in Oceans and Seas | p. 331 |
| The Principal Natural Factors Governing Phytoplankton Resources in the World Ocean | p. 332 |
| The Distribution of Chlorophyll in the World Ocean | p. 334 |
| Vertical Distributions of Chlorophyll a in the Sea | p. 337 |
| Statistical Formulas Describing the Vertical Distributions of Chlorophyll Concentration | p. 341 |
| The Composition of Chlorophyll a and Accessory Pigments in Marine Algae | p. 343 |
| Pigment Compositions Characteristic of Various Classes of Phytoplankton | p. 343 |
| Pigment Compositions in Natural Plant Communities, in Different Types of Sea and at Different Depths | p. 346 |
| Photoadaptation and Chromatic Adaptation; Model Descriptions of Pigment Concentrations in Different Seas | p. 350 |
| The Packaging Effect of Pigments in Marine Phytoplankton Cell | p. 354 |
| An Approximate Formal Description of the Packaging Effect for Marine Phytoplankton | p. 355 |
| The Product C[subscript chl] D for Phytoplankton in Different Types of Seas: A Preliminary Statistical Description | p. 360 |
| Total Light Absorption by Marine Algae: Results of Empirical Studies | p. 362 |
| Methodological Problems | p. 362 |
| Light Absorption Spectra of Phytoplankton: A General Outline | p. 366 |
| Light Absorption Spectra of Phytoplankton: Fine Structure | p. 368 |
| Absolute Values of Total and Specific Absorption Coefficients | p. 370 |
| Model Descriptions of the Absorption Properties of Marine Phytoplankton: A Review | p. 376 |
| The Principal Model Descriptions of Light Absorption by Phytoplankton | p. 377 |
| Classical Models | p. 378 |
| Single-Component, Nonhomogeneous Models | p. 379 |
| The Multicomponent, Homogeneous Model | p. 382 |
| The Multicomponent, Nonhomogeneous Model | p. 383 |
| Complex Utilitarian Models | p. 387 |
| Modeled Absorption Properties of Algae in Different Types of Sea | p. 389 |
| References | p. 395 |
| Subject Index | p. 429 |
| List of Symbols and Abbreviations | p. 443 |
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