History of Stone Tool Research | p. 1 |
Procurement | p. 2 |
Tool Manufacture | p. 3 |
Assemblage Variability | p. 6 |
Tool Use | p. 7 |
Behavioral Questions | p. 9 |
Perspectives | p. 11 |
Procurement | p. 13 |
Formation of Rock | p. 15 |
Igneous Rocks | p. 15 |
Sedimentary Rocks | p. 17 |
Metamorphic Rocks | p. 20 |
Summary | p. 21 |
Geomorphic Processes | p. 21 |
Defining the Problem | p. 24 |
Is This Material Local? | p. 24 |
What is the Source of the Material? | p. 26 |
Visual Characterization | p. 28 |
Hand Specimens | p. 28 |
Petrographic Techniques | p. 31 |
Geochemical Techniques | p. 32 |
Neutron Activation Analysis | p. 33 |
X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis | p. 34 |
PIXE and Similar Techniques | p. 35 |
Other Instrumental Types of Analysis | p. 37 |
General Remarks | p. 41 |
Tool Manufacture | p. 43 |
Fracture Mechanics | p. 45 |
General Principles | p. 45 |
Types of Fracture | p. 47 |
Fracture Features | p. 53 |
Types of Flaking and Flakers | p. 58 |
Percussion Flaking | p. 58 |
Pressure Flaking | p. 61 |
Primary and Secondary Modifica tion | p. 62 |
Primary Modification | p. 62 |
Secondary Modification | p. 64 |
Ground Stone | p. 74 |
Manufacture-Ground Specimens | p. 75 |
Use-Ground Specimens | p. 78 |
Analyzing Ground Stone Tools | p. 80 |
Assemblage Variability | p. 87 |
Detecting Vectors of Information | p. 88 |
Raw Material | p. 89 |
Technology: Basic Partitioning | p. 90 |
Technology: Distinguishing Trajectories | p. 91 |
Morphology: Characterizing Shape | p. 103 |
Function | p. 110 |
Comparing Assemblages | p. 110 |
Comparing Class Structure | p. 110 |
Comparing Specific Classes | p. 113 |
Analyzing Unretouched Debris | p. 118 |
Individual Flake Analysis | p. 121 |
Mass Analysis | p. 130 |
Summary | p. 132 |
Tool Function | p. 135 |
Use-Wear Analysis | p. 136 |
Background | p. 136 |
Techniques | p. 139 |
Summary | p. 152 |
Residue Analysis | p. 156 |
Plant Remains | p. 156 |
Blood Residues | p. 165 |
Summary | p. 172 |
Encountering Prehistoric Behavior | p. 175 |
Subsistence | p. 176 |
Food Procurement | p. 176 |
Food Processing | p. 181 |
Shelter, Facilities and Clothing | p. 188 |
Structures and Facilities | p. 188 |
Clothing | p. 189 |
Organization of Mobility and Technology | p. 190 |
Tool Design | p. 191 |
Raw Material Procurement, Supply, and Use | p. 193 |
Complex Societies | p. 202 |
Production of Surplus Goods | p. 203 |
Material Replacement | p. 214 |
Concluding Remarks | p. 217 |
References | p. 219 |
Index | p. 247 |
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