About eBookPLUS and studyON ix
How to use this resource x
Acknowledgements xii
Preface xv
UNIT 1 THE HUMAN BODY IN MOTION 1
Chapter 1 Introduction to the concepts of physical activity, sport and exercise 3
1.1 Physical activity, sport and exercise 4
1.2 Social, cultural and environmental enablers and barriers to movement 7
1.3 Sociocultural influences throughout units 1–4 10
CHAPTER 1 REVISION 11
KEY SKILLS 11
CHAPTER REVIEW 11
Chapter summary 11
Chapter 2 Structure and function of the skeletal system 13
2.1 The skeletal system: functions and structure of major bones 14
2.2 Joint classification and structure and anatomical movements 20
CHAPTER 2 REVISION 28
KEY SKILLS 28
CHAPTER REVIEW 28
Chapter summary 28
Multiple choice questions 29
Exam questions 30
Chapter 3 Structure and functions of the muscular system 33
3.1 The muscular system: functions, types and major muscle groups 34
3.2 The muscular system: features, arrangement and microscopic structure 39
3.3 The muscular system: initiation of muscular activity, action and control 44
3.4 The muscular system: muscle fi bre types and muscular contractions 49
CHAPTER 3 REVISION 54
KEY SKILLS 54
CHAPTER REVIEW 55
Chapter summary 55
Multiple choice questions 56
Exam questions 57
Chapter 4 Acute and chronic injuries and illnesses of the musculoskeletal system 59
4.1 Classification and types of sports injuries 60
4.2 Illnesses associated with the musculoskeletal system 66
4.3 Physiological strategies to prevent musculoskeletal injuries 71
4.4 Physical aids to support the musculoskeletal system 79
CHAPTER 4 REVISION 84
KEY SKILLS 84
CHAPTER REVIEW 85
Chapter summary 85
Multiple choice questions 86
Exam questions 87
Chapter 5 Performance enhancement of the musculoskeletal system 89
5.1 Performance-enhancing substances and methods 90
5.2 Legal substances and methods: training methods and mechanical aids 91
5.3 Legal substances and methods: nutritional supplements 97
5.4 Specialised sports foods, methods and dietary supplements 100
5.5 Performance supplements 106
5.6 Illegal substances and methods that enhance performance of the musculoskeletal system 112
5.7 Ethical and sociocultural considerations associated with performance enhancement in sport 116
CHAPTER 5 REVISION 122
KEY SKILLS 122
CHAPTER REVIEW 123
Chapter summary 123
Multiple choice questions 123
Exam questions 124
Chapter 6 Structure and functions of the cardiovascular system 127
6.1 Cardiovascular system: structure and functions of the heart and blood vessels 128
6.2 Cardiovascular system: blood and blood circulation 134
6.3 Role of the cardiovascular system in thermoregulation 138
6.4 Responses of the cardiovascular system to physical activity 141
CHAPTER 6 REVISION 146
KEY SKILLS 146
CHAPTER REVIEW 147
Chapter summary 147
Multiple choice questions 148
Exam questions 149
Chapter 7 Structure and functions of the respiratory system 151
7.1 The respiratory system: structure and functions 152
7.2 The respiratory system: mechanics of breathing and gaseous exchange 155
7.3 Responses of the respiratory system to physical activity 160
7.4 Summary of interactions of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems during physical activity 163
CHAPTER 7 REVISION 165
KEY SKILLS 165
CHAPTER REVIEW 166
Chapter summary 166
Multiple choice questions 166
Exam questions 167
Chapter 8 Prevention and treatment of cardiorespiratory diseases 169
8.1 Cardiorespiratory health 170
8.2 Enablers and barriers to cardiovascular and respiratory health 176
8.3 Role of physical activity, sport and exercise to enhance the capacity and functioning of the cardiovascular and respiratory system 180
CHAPTER 8 REVISION 184
KEY SKILLS 184
CHAPTER REVIEW 184
Chapter summary 184
Multiple choice questions 185
Exam question 185
Chapter 9 Performance enhancement of the cardiorespiratory system 187
9.1 Legal substances and methods: training methods and mechanical aids 188
9.2 Illegal substances and methods that enhance performance of the cardiorespiratory system 193
9.3 Ethical and sociocultural considerations associated with performance enhancement in sport 197
CHAPTER 9 REVISION 201
KEY SKILLS 201
CHAPTER REVIEW 202
Chapter summary 202
Multiple choice questions 202
Exam question 203
UNIT 2 PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, SPORT AND SOCIETY 205
Chapter 10 Physical activity and sedentary behaviour: sociocultural influences, enablers and barriers 207
10.1 Forms of physical activity 208
10.2 Physical inactivity and sedentary behaviour 212
10.3 Influences on physical activity and sedentary behaviour (enablers and barriers) 215
CHAPTER 10 REVISION 222
KEY SKILLS 222
CHAPTER REVIEW 223
Chapter summary 223
Multiple choice questions 224
Exam questions 225
Chapter 11 Physical activity and sedentary behaviour: trends, benefits, risks, guidelines and assessment 227
11.1 Australia: a healthy nation? 228
11.2 How much is enough? 236
11.3 Assessment of physical activity and sedentary behaviour 240
11.4 National health data 248
CHAPTER 11 REVISION 259
KEY SKILLS 259
CHAPTER REVIEW 260
Chapter summary 260
Multiple choice questions 260
Exam question 261
Chapter 12 Health promotion strategies: Social ecological model, Youth Physical Activity Promotion Model 263
12.1 The social-ecological model 264
12.2 Core concepts of the social-ecological model 271
12.3 Applying the social-ecological model: a settings-based approach 274
12.4 Youth Physical Activity Promotion Model 286
CHAPTER 12 REVISION 291
KEY SKILLS 291
CHAPTER REVIEW 292
Chapter summary 292
Multiple choice questions 292
Exam question 293
Chapter 13 Principles of an individual activity plan 295
13.1 Gathering information 296
13.2 Creating the activity plan 300
13.3 Evaluating the plan 309
CHAPTER 13 REVISION 311
KEY SKILLS 311
CHAPTER REVIEW 312
Chapter summary 312
Multiple choice questions 313
Exam question 313
Chapter 14 Contemporary issues and sport: overview 315
14.1 Declining levels of physical activity across the lifespan 316
14.2 Gender equity in physical activity and sport 319
14.3 Risk management and safety in physical activity and sport 323
14.4 Children and competitive sport 326
14.5 Community and recreation 328
14.6 Issues of access 331
CHAPTER 14 REVISION 335
CHAPTER REVIEW 335
Chapter summary 335
Chapter 15 Contemporary issues and sport: active transport 337
15.1 Active transportation 338
15.2 Factors influencing active transport 340
15.3 Implications of the decline in active transportation 343
15.4 Different perspectives on active transport 345
15.5 Future implications 351
15.6 Active transportation and the Youth Physical Activity Promotion Model 353
CHAPTER 15 REVISION 356
KEY SKILLS 356
CHAPTER REVIEW 356
Chapter summary 356
Chapter 16 Contemporary issues and sport: Cultural diversity 359
16.1 Cultural diversity and inclusion 360
16.2 Factors infl uencing cultural diversity and inclusion 364
16.3 Historical perspective 368
16.4 Current perspective 371
16.5 Different perspectives 373
16.6 Future implications 375
16.7 Applying the social-ecological model to cultural diversity and inclusion 376
CHAPTER 16 REVISION 380
KEY SKILLS 380
CHAPTER REVIEW 381
Chapter summary 381
Glossary 383
Index 389
