Foreword | p. xi |
Preface | p. xiii |
Acknowledgments | p. xv |
Contributors | p. xvii |
Abbreviations and Acronyms | p. xxi |
Overview | p. 1 |
Financial Accounting and Reporting | p. 7 |
Traditional Functions of Financial Accounting and Reporting | p. 9 |
Accounting Bases | p. 13 |
Expanding Traditional Functions | p. 19 |
Financial Reporting Standards | p. 29 |
Summary | p. 30 |
Notes | p. 31 |
References and Other Resources | p. 32 |
Local Government Cash Management | p. 33 |
Collections | p. 34 |
Funds Concentration | p. 41 |
Disbursements | p. 45 |
Banking Relationships | p. 48 |
Cash Flow Forecasting | p. 50 |
Investing | p. 55 |
Conclusion | p. 65 |
Notes | p. 68 |
References and Other Resources | p. 68 |
Local Government Procurement and Safeguards against Corruption | p. 69 |
Overview of Public Procurement | p. 70 |
Government Systems and the Potential for Corruption at the Local Level | p. 76 |
The Procurement Process as a Safeguard against Corruption | p. 79 |
Ethics and Professionalism | p. 97 |
Conclusion | p. 101 |
Notes | p. 103 |
References and Other Resources | p. 103 |
Local Debt Management | p. 109 |
How Do Local Governments Use Debt? | p. 112 |
When Do Local Governments Use Debt? | p. 116 |
How Do Local Governments Assess Debt Affordability? | p. 121 |
What Forms of Debt Do Local Governments Use? | p. 137 |
How Do Local Governments Issue Debt? | p. 143 |
How Do Local Governments Manage Existing Debt? | p. 149 |
Conclusion | p. 151 |
References and Other Resources | p. 152 |
Local Government Internal Controls to Ensure Efficiency and Integrity | p. 157 |
Corruption and Money Laundering | p. 157 |
Objectives and Scope of Internal Controls | p. 159 |
COSO Framework on Risk Management | p. 165 |
International Federation of Accountants Standards Applicable to the Private and Public Sectors | p. 171 |
Institute of Internal Auditors Standards Applicable to the Private and Public Sectors | p. 173 |
International Organization of Supreme Audit Institutions Identification of Organization Need for Internal Controls in the Public Sector | p. 175 |
INTOSAI Framework | p. 178 |
Public Internal Financial Control | p. 180 |
Best Practices in Control and Management Systems for European Union Membership (SIGMA Baselines) | p. 181 |
Relevance and Feasibility of Internal Controls for Local Governments in Developing Countries | p. 181 |
Organizing to Implement Internal Controls | p. 187 |
Notes | p. 190 |
References and Other Resources | p. 190 |
Internal Control and Audit at Local Levels | p. 193 |
The Need for Improving Accountability in Decentralization | p. 195 |
Contemporary Internal Controls | p. 198 |
Internal Audit: A Key Module in Control Systems | p. 204 |
Conclusion | p. 208 |
Internal Control and Audit in Local Governments across the World | p. 209 |
Establishing Effective Internal Control in Local Governments | p. 212 |
Starting from Scratch: Building an Audit Unit in Local Government | p. 216 |
Basic Elements of Internal Audit | p. 218 |
Importance of Risk Management | p. 221 |
Notes | p. 222 |
References and Other Resources | p. 223 |
External Auditing and Performance Evaluation, with Special Emphasis on Detecting Corruption | p. 227 |
What Makes Auditing in the Government Area Special? | p. 228 |
The Object of Audit | p. 231 |
The Scope of the Audit | p. 232 |
The Users of Audits | p. 247 |
The Auditor | p. 247 |
The Auditee | p. 249 |
The Audit | p. 250 |
The Auditor's Reporting | p. 253 |
References and Other Resources | p. 254 |
Index | p. 255 |
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