Masonry Constructions : Mechanical Models and Numerical Applications

Many historically and artistically important masonry buildings of the world's architecturalheritageareindireneedofmaintenanceandrestoration.Inorder tooptimizesuchoperationsintermsofcost-e?ectiveness, architecturalimpact andstatice?ectiveness, accuratemodelsofthestructuralbehaviorofmasonry constructions are invaluable. The ultimate aim of such modeling is to obtain important information, such as the stress ?eld, and to estimate the extent of cracking and its evolution when the structure is subjected to variations in both boundary and loading conditions. Although masonry has been used in building for centuries, it is only - centlythatconstitutivemodelsandcalculationtechniqueshavebeenavailable that enable realistic description of the static behavior of structures made of this heterogeneous material whose response to tension is fundamentally d- ferent from that to compression. Important insights on the mechanical behavior of masonry arches and vaults come from as far back as Leonardo 10], Hooke 58], Poleni 92] and many other authors (see 47], 9] and 10] for detailed references). Castigliano, in his famous paper on the Mosca bridge 23], and Signorini, in his studies on masonry beams 97], 98], showed both the possibility and necessity of taking into account the weak tensile strength of masonry material.