Matter and Motion

By: JAMES CLERK MAXWELL

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Paperback | 4 November 1991

At a Glance

Paperback
192 Pages

Edition Type
New edition

Dimensions(cm)
20.9 x 13.6 x 1.27

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Great physicist's elegant, concise survey of Newtonian dynamics, from simple particles to systems beyond complete analysis. Considered one of the finest elementary scientific treatises ever written. Considered by many educators one of the finest elementary scientific treatises ever written, this work contains all of the characteristic freshness and elegance of Maxwell's writings and gives illuminating glimpses of a great mind's approach to fundamental subjects. After 115 years, Matter and Motion still retains its power of suggestion; it deserves a place in any well-rounded modern scientific library.As drawn up by one of the masters of science, the book is a carefully thought-out survey of Newtonian dynamics. Its generalizations proceed gradually from simple particles of matter to physical systems beyond complete analysis.In this edition, the treatment of the fundamental principles of dynamics has been enlarged along the author's own lines by the inclusion of the chapter ""On the Equations of Motion of a Connected System,"" from Volume II of Electricity and Magnetism. Two apprendices have been added by the editor, one dealing with the principles of the relativity of motion and the other with the wider aspects of the principle of least action.

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Non-Fiction Science Physics Classical Mathematics Science in General

Introduction
Nature of Physical Science	p. 1
Definition of a Material System	p. 2
Definition of Internal and External	p. 2
Definition of Configuration	p. 2
Diagrams	p. 3
A Material Particle	p. 3
Relative Position of two Material Particles	p. 4
Vectors	p. 4
System of Three Particles	p. 5
Addition of Vectors	p. 5
Subtraction of one Vector from another	p. 6
Origin of Vectors	p. 6
Relative Position of Two Systems	p. 7
Three Data for the Comparison of Two Systems	p. 7
On the Idea of Space	p. 9
Error of Descartes	p. 9
On the Idea of Time	p. 11
Absolute Space	p. 12
Statement of the General Maxim of Physical Science	p. 13
On Motion
Definition of Displacement	p. 15
Diagram of Displacement	p. 15
Relative Displacement	p. 16
Uniform Displacement	p. 17
On Motion	p. 18
On the Continuity of Motion	p. 18
On Constant Velocity	p. 19
On the Measurement of Velocity when Variable	p. 19
Diagram of Velocities	p. 20
Properties of the Diagram of Velocities	p. 21
Meaning of the Phrase "At Rest"	p. 22
On Change of Velocity	p. 22
On Acceleration	p. 23
On the Rate of Acceleration	p. 24
Diagram of Accelerations	p. 25
Acceleration a Relative Term	p. 25
On Force
Kinematics and Kinetics	p. 26
Mutual Action between Two Bodies--Stress	p. 26
External Force	p. 26
Different Aspects of the same Phenomenon	p. 27
Newton's Laws of Motion	p. 27
The First Law of Motion	p. 28
On the Equilibrium of Forces	p. 30
Definition of Equal Times	p. 31
The Second Law of Motion	p. 32
Definition of Equal Masses and of Equal Forces	p. 32
Measurement of Mass	p. 33
Numerical Measurement of Force	p. 35
Simultaneous Action of Forces on a Body	p. 36
On Impulse	p. 37
Relation between Force and Mass	p. 38
On Momentum	p. 38
Statement of the Second Law of Motion in Terms of Impulse and Momentum	p. 39
Addition of Forces	p. 39
The Third Law of Motion	p. 40
Action and Reaction are the Partial Aspects of a Stress	p. 40
Attraction and Repulsion	p. 41
The Third Law True of Action at a Distance	p. 42
Newton's Proof not Experimental	p. 42
On the Properties of the Centre of Mass of a Material System
Definition of a Mass-Vector	p. 44
Centre of Mass of Two Particles	p. 44
Centre of Mass of a System	p. 45
Momentum represented as the Rate of Change of a Mass-Vector	p. 45
Effect of External Forces on the Motion of the Centre of Mass	p. 46
The Motion of the Centre of Mass of a System is not affected by the Mutual Action of the Parts of the System	p. 47
First and Second Laws of Motion	p. 48
Method of treating Systems of Molecules	p. 48
By the Introduction of the Idea of Mass we pass from Point-Vectors, Point Displacements, Velocities, Total Accelerations, and Rates of Acceleration, to Mass-Vectors, Mass Displacements, Momenta, Impulses, and Moving Forces	p. 49
Definition of a Mass-Area	p. 50
Angular Momentum	p. 51
Moment of a Force about a Point	p. 51
Conservation of Angular Momentum	p. 52
On Work and Energy
Definitions	p. 54
Principle of Conservation of Energy	p. 54
General Statement of the Principle of the Conservation of Energy	p. 55
Measurement of Work	p. 56
Potential Energy	p. 58
Kinetic Energy	p. 58
Oblique Forces	p. 60
Kinetic Energy of Two Particles referred to their Centre of Mass	p. 61
Kinetic Energy of a Material System referred to its Centre of Mass	p. 62
Available Kinetic Energy	p. 63
Potential Energy	p. 65
Elasticity	p. 65
Action at a Distance	p. 66
Theory of Potential Energy more complicated than that of Kinetic Energy	p. 67
Application of the Method of Energy to the Calculation of Forces	p. 68
Specification of the [Mode of Action] of Forces	p. 69
Application to a System in Motion	p. 70
Application of the Method of Energy to the Investigation of Real Bodies	p. 70
Variables on which the Energy depends	p. 71
Energy in Terms of the Variables	p. 72
Theory of Heat	p. 72
Heat a Form of Energy	p. 73
Energy Measured as Heat	p. 73
Scientific Work to be done	p. 74
History of the Doctrine of Energy	p. 75
On the Different Forms of Energy	p. 76
Recapitulation
Retrospect of Abstract Dynamics	p. 79
Kinematics	p. 79
Force	p. 79
Stress	p. 80
Relativity of Dynamical Knowledge	p. 80
Relativity of Force	p. 81
Rotation	p. 83
Newton's Determination of the Absolute Velocity of Rotation	p. 84
Foucault's Pendulum	p. 86
Matter and Energy	p. 89
Test of a Material Substance	p. 89
Energy not capable of Identification	p. 90
Absolute Value of the Energy of a Body unknown	p. 90
Latent Energy	p. 91
A Complete Discussion of Energy would include the whole of Physical Science	p. 91
The Pendulum and Gravity
On Uniform Motion in a Circle	p. 92
Centrifugal Force	p. 93
Periodic Time	p. 93
On Simple Harmonic Vibrations	p. 94
On the Force acting on the Vibrating Body	p. 94
Isochronous Vibrations	p. 95
Potential Energy of the Vibrating Body	p. 96
The Simple Pendulum	p. 96
A Rigid Pendulum	p. 98
Inversion of the Pendulum	p. 100
Illustration of Kater's Pendulum	p. 100
Determination of the Intensity of Gravity	p. 101
Method of Observation	p. 102
Estimation of Error	p. 103
Universal Gravitation
Newton's Method	p. 105
Kepler's Laws	p. 105
Angular Velocity	p. 106
Motion about the Centre of Mass	p. 106
The Orbit	p. 107
The Hodograph	p. 107
Kepler's Second Law	p. 108
Force on a Planet	p. 109
Interpretation of Kepler's Third Law	p. 110
Law of Gravitation	p. 111
Amended Form of Kepler's Third Law	p. 112
Potential Energy due to Gravitation	p. 113
Kinetic Energy of the System	p. 113
Potential Energy of the System	p. 114
The Moon is a Heavy Body	p. 115
Cavendish's Experiment	p. 116
The Torsion Balance	p. 117
Method of the Experiment	p. 118
Universal Gravitation	p. 119
Cause of Gravitation	p. 120
Application of Newton's Method of Investigation	p. 121
Methods of Molecular Investigations	p. 122
Importance of General and Elementary Properties	p. 122
On the Equations of Motion of a Connected System	p. 123
The Relativity of the Forces of Nature	p. 137
The Principle of Least Action	p. 145
Index	p. 162
Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved.

Matter and Motion

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