Measurement, Instrumentation, and Sensors Handbook

Preface Acknowledgements Editors Contributors Part I: Sensors and Sensor Technology Soft Sensors: Software-Based Sensors Petr Kadlec Implantable Systems Vincenzo Luciano, Emilio Sardini, Alessandro Dionisi, Mauro Serpelloni, and Andrea Cadei Bio-Inspired and Life-Inspired Sensors Cesar Ortega-Sanchez and Halit Eren Image Sensors Mehdi Habibi Principles and Technology of SQUIDs Robert L. Fagaly Next Generation of Smart Sensors Michael E. Stanley and Stephane Gervais-Ducouret Needle-Type Environmental Sensors Woo Hyoung Lee, Jin-Hwan Lee, Woo-Hyuck Choi, Ian Papautsky, and Paul L. Bishop Single-Chip Chemical and Biological Sensors Alireza Hassanzadeh and Robert G. Lindquist CMOS Integrated Gas Sensors Prasanta K. Guha, Sumita Santra, and Julian W. Gardner Energy Harvesting for Sensors: DC Harvesters Oscar Lopez-Lapena, Maria Teresa Penella, and Manel Gasulla Energy Harvesting for Sensors: AC Harvesters Maria Teresa Penella, Oscar Lopez-Lapena, and Manel Gasulla Hydrogen Gas Sensors: Flow H. El Matbouly, F. Domingue, V. Palmisano, and L. Boon-Brett Thermal Sensors: Flow Nam-Trung Nguyen SQUID Magnetometers Robert L. Fagaly Sensor Networks and Communication Robert M. Crovella Part II: Electrical Variables Electric Current Sensors Pavel Ripka Nonlinear System Modeling with Invariance to Fourier Transform for Fault Diagnosis: Application to Power Transformers Gerasimos Rigatos and Pierluigi Siano Meter Voltage Measurement Alessandro Ferrero Oscilloscope Voltage Measurement Jerry Murphy Inductive and Capacitive Voltage Measurement Cipriano Bartoletti, Luca Podesta, and Giancarlo Sacerdoti Current Measurement Douglas P. McNutt Power Measurement Pasquale Arpaia, Francesco Avallone, Aldo Baccigalupi, and Carmine Landi Power Factor Measurement Michael Z. Lowenstein Phase Measurement Peter O'Shea Energy Measurement Arnaldo Brandolini and Alessandro Gandelli Electrical Conductivity and Resistivity Michael B. Heaney Charge Measurement Saps Buchman, John T. Mester, and T.J. Sumner Capacitance and Capacitance Measurements Halit Eren Permeability and Hysteresis Measurement Jeff P. Anderson and Richard J. Blotzer Inductance Measurement Michal Szyper Immittance Measurement Achim Dreher Distortion Measurement Michael F. Toner and Gordon W. Roberts Noise Measurement W. Marshall Leach, Jr. Part III: Electromagnetic Variables Microwave Measurement Alfons Dehe, K. Beilenhoff, K. Fricke, H. Klingbeil, V. Krozer, and H.L. Hartnagel Q Factor Measurement Albert D. Helfrick EMI and EMC Test Methods Jeffrey P. Mills Permittivity Measurement Devendra K. Misra Electric-Field Strength David A. Hill and Motohisa Kanda Magnetic Field Measurement Robert L. Fagaly and Steven A. Macintyre RF/Microwave Spectrum Analysis Roberto Ambrosini, Stelio Montebugnoli, Claudio Bortolotti, and Mauro Roma Part IV: Time and Frequency Time Measurement Michael A. Lombardi Frequency Measurement Michael A. Lombardi Part V: Optical Photoconductive Sensors Fritz Schuermeyer and Thad Pickenpaugh Photojunction Sensors Michael R. Squillante, Kanai S. Shah, and James F. Christian Vision and Image Sensors Stanley S. Ipson and Chima Okereke Charge-Coupled Devices John A. Nousek, M.W. Bautz, B.E. Burke, J.A. Gregory, R.E. Griffiths, R.L. Kraft, H.L. Kwok, and D.H. Lumb Densitometry Measurement Joseph H. Altman Colorimetry Robert T. Marcus Polarization Measurement Soe-Mie F. Nee Refractive Index Measurement Gerry H. Meeten Turbidity Measurement Daniel Harrison and Michael Fisch Laser Output Measurement Haiyin Sun Optical Loss: Principles and Applications M.M. Rad, Halit Eren, and Martin Maier Part VI: Chemical Variables Interference and Selectivity in Portable Chemical Sensors Denise Wilson Electrochemical Composition Measurement Michael J. Schoning, Arshak Poghossian, Olaf Gluck, and Marion Thust Thermal Composition Measurement Mushtaq Ali, Behrooz Pahlavanpour, and Maria Eklund Kinetic Composition Measurement E.E. Uzgiris and J.Y. Gui Chromatography Composition Measurement Behrooz Pahlavanpour, Mushtaq Ali, and C.K. Laird pH Measurement Norman F. Sheppard, Jr. and Anthony Guiseppi-Elie Part VII: Medical, Biomedical, and Health Wireless Sensor Networks in Health Enrique Dorronzoro, Isabel Gomez, Ana Veronica Medina, Luis Fernandez-Luque, and Jose Antonio Gomez Sensors for Electrical Impedance Tomography Tushar Kanti Bera and J. Nagaraju Patient-Care Sensing and Monitoring Systems Akihiro Kajiwara and Ryohei Nakamura Sensor-Based Activity Recognition Techniques Donghai Guan, Weiwei Yuan, and Sungyoung Lee Biopotentials and Electrophysiology Measurement Nitish V. Thakor Blood Pressure Measurement Shyam Rithalia, Mark Sun, and Roger Jones Blood Flow Measurements Per Ask and P. Ake OEberg Medical Imaging James T. Dobbins III, Sean M. Hames, Bruce H. Hasegawa, Timothy R. DeGrado, James A. Zagzebski, and Richard Frayne Blood Chemistry Measurement Terry L. Rusch and Ravi Sankar Human Occupancy Detectors Jacob Fraden Part VIII: Environmental GPR Principles and Applications Jan Francke Airborne Radiometers to Measure Electromagnetic Radiation in the Earth's Atmosphere: Mature and Emerging Technologies Manfred Wendisch In Situ Sensors for Monitoring the Marine Environment Graham A. Mills, Gary R. Fones, and Silke Kroger Mobile Environmental Sensing Using Smartphones Siamak Aram, A. Toriono, F. Rugiano, and E. Pasero Space Dosimetry Jarvis A. Caffrey and David M. Hamby Capacitance Sensors for Nondestructive Moisture Determination in Agricultural Products and Biofuel Materials Chari V. Kandala and Naveen Puppala Radio Location, Radio Navigation, and GPS Systems Halit Eren Air Pollution Monitoring Michael Bennett Water Quality Measurement Kathleen M. Leonard Satellite Imaging and Sensing Robert F. Cromp Humidity and Moisture Measurement Gert J.W. Visscher Ventilation Measurement L. Basano and P. Ottonello Meteorological Measurement John D. Garrison and Stephen B.W. Roeder Robotics and Sensors: Environmental Applications Gourab Sen Gupta Part IX: Signal Processing Modulation David M. Beams Filters Rahman Jamal and Robert Steer Spectrum Analysis and Correlation Ronney B. Panerai Applied Intelligence Processing Peter H. Sydenham and Rodney Pratt Analog-to-Digital Converters E.B. Loewenstein Computers A.M. MacLeod, P.F. Martin, and W.A. Gillespie Grounding and Shielding Daryl Gerke and William Kimmel Amplifiers and Signal Conditioners Ramon Pallas-Areny Data Acquisition Systems Edward McConnell Part X: Displays and Recorders Plasma-Driven Flat Panel Displays Robert T. McGrath, Ramanapathy Veerasingam, William C. Moffatt, and Robert B. Campbell Electroluminescent Displays William A. Barrow Light-Emitting Diode Displays Mohammad A. Karim Magnetic and Optical Recording Yufeng Li Liquid Crystal Displays Kalluri R. Sarma Cathode Ray Tube Displays Christopher J. Sherman Appendix: Units and Conversions B.W. Petley Index