Memory Evolutive Systems

Hierarchy, Emergence, Cognition, Volume 4

By: Mary Meyer, Laura McNamara, J.P. Vanbremeersch, A C Ehresmann

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Hardcover | 25 May 2007 | Edition Number 4

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402 Pages

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Memory Evolutive Systems; Hierarchy, Emergence, Cognition provides comprehensive and comprehensible coverage of Memory Evolutive Systems (MEM). Written by the developers of the MEM, the book proposes a mathematical model for autonomous evolutionary systems based on the Category Theory of mathematics. It describes a framework to study and possibly simulate the structure of living systems and their dynamic behavior.

This book contributes to understanding the multidisciplinary interfaces between mathematics, cognition, consciousness, biology and the study of complexity. It is organized into three parts. Part A deals with hierarchy and emergence and covers such topics as net of interactions and categories; the binding problem; and complexifications and emergence. Part B is about MEM while Part C discusses MEM applications to cognition and consciousness. The book explores the characteristics of a complex evolutionary system, its differences from inanimate physical systems, and its functioning and evolution in time, from its birth to its death.

This book is an ideal reference for researchers, teachers and students in pure mathematics, computer science, cognitive science, study of complexity and systems theory, Category Theory, biological systems theory, and consciousness theory. It would also be of interest to both individuals and institutional libraries.

Comprehensive and comprehensible coverage of Memory Evolutive System
Written by the developers of the Memory Evolutive Systems
Designed to explore the common language between sciences

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Non-Fiction Science Biology, Life Sciences Life Sciences in General Neurosciences Mathematics Medicine Clinical & Internal Medicine Neurology & Clinical Neurophysiology Biochemistry Psychology Experimental Psychology

Introduction	p. 1
Hierarchy and Emergence
Nets of Interactions and Categories	p. 21
Systems Theory and Graphs	p. 22
Objects and Relations	p. 22
Definition of a Graph	p. 23
Supplementary Properties	p. 24
Categories and Functors	p. 25
Some History	p. 26
Definition of a Category	p. 27
Some More Definitions	p. 29
Functors	p. 31
Universal Problems	p. 32
Categories in Systems Theory	p. 32
Configuration Categories of a System	p. 33
Fields of an Object	p. 35
Some Examples	p. 37
Construction of a Category by Generators and Relations	p. 37
The Category of Paths of a Graph	p. 37
Comparison between Graphs and Categories	p. 38
Labelled Categories	p. 39
A Concrete Example	p. 40
Mathematical Examples of Categories	p. 42
Categories with at Most One Arrow between Two Objects	p. 43
Categories with a Unique Object	p. 44
Categories of Mathematical Structures	p. 45
The Binding Problem	p. 49
Patterns and Their Collective Links	p. 49
Pattern in a Category	p. 50
Collective Links	p. 53
Operating Field of a Pattern	p. 55
Colimit of a Pattern	p. 56
The Mathematical Concept of a Colimit	p. 57
The Binding Problem	p. 59
Decompositions of an Object	p. 61
Integration vs. Juxtaposition	p. 62
Comparison of the Sum to the Colimit	p. 62
Some Concrete Examples	p. 64
Some Mathematical Examples	p. 66
Interlude: A Transport Network	p. 68
Characteristics of the Network	p. 68
Local Area Nets, Selected Nets	p. 68
Central Node	p. 69
Creation of a Central Node	p. 70
Inter-Area Nets	p. 71
Hierarchy and Reductionism	p. 73
P-Factors of a Link Towards a Complex Object	p. 73
Links Mediated by a Pattern	p. 74
Link Binding a Perspective	p. 76
Examples of Perspectives	p. 78
Field of a Pattern	p. 79
Interactions between Patterns: Simple Links	p. 80
Clusters	p. 80
Composition of Clusters	p. 82
Simple Links	p. 83
Representative Sub-Patterns	p. 85
Comparison Link	p. 86
Representative Sub-Pattern	p. 87
Multiplicity Principle	p. 89
Patterns with the Same Colimit	p. 89
Connected Patterns	p. 90
Multiplicity Principle and Complex Links	p. 92
Hierarchies	p. 94
Hierarchical Categories	p. 95
Examples	p. 97
Ramifications of an Object and Iterated Colimits	p. 99
Complexity Order of an Object: Reductionism	p. 102
Obstacles to a Pure Reductionism	p. 102
Reduction of an Iterated Colimit	p. 104
Complexity Order of an Object	p. 105
Examples	p. 106
n-Multifold Objects	p. 107
Complexification and Emergence	p. 109
Transformation and Preservation of Colimits	p. 110
Image of a Pattern by a Functor	p. 110
Replacement of a Category by a Larger One	p. 111
Preservation and Deformation of Colimits	p. 113
Limits	p. 114
Different Types of Complexifications	p. 117
Options on a Category	p. 117
Complexification	p. 118
Examples	p. 120
First Steps of the Complexification	p. 121
Absorption and Elimination of Elements	p. 121
Simple Adjoining of Colimits	p. 122
'Forcing' of Colimits	p. 123
Construction of the Complexification	p. 125
Objects of the Complexification	p. 126
Construction of the Links	p. 126
End of the Construction	p. 128
Properties of the Complexification	p. 128
Complexification Theorem	p. 128
Examples	p. 129
Mixed Complexification	p. 130
Successive Complexifications: Based Hierarchies	p. 131
Sequence of Complexifications	p. 132
Based Hierarchies	p. 134
Emergent Properties in a Based Hierarchy	p. 136
Discussion of the Emergence Problem	p. 138
Emergentist Reductionism	p. 138
The Emergence Problem	p. 139
Causality Attributions	p. 140
Memory Evolutive Systems
Evolutive Systems	p. 147
Mechanical Systems vs. Living Systems	p. 147
Mechanical Systems	p. 147
Biological and Social Systems	p. 148
Characteristics of the Proposed Model	p. 149
Characteristics of an Evolutive System	p. 150
Time Scale	p. 150
Configuration Category at Time t	p. 151
Transition from t to t'	p. 152
Evolutive Systems	p. 153
Definition of an Evolutive System	p. 153
Components of an Evolutive System	p. 155
Boundary Problems	p. 158
Hierarchical Evolutive Systems and Some Examples	p. 161
Hierarchical Evolutive Systems	p. 161
The Quantum Evolutive System and the Cosmic Evolutive System	p. 162
Hierarchical Evolutive Systems Modelling Natural Systems	p. 162
Stability Span and Temporal Indices	p. 163
Stability Span	p. 164
Complex Identity	p. 165
Other Spans	p. 167
Propagation Delays	p. 170
Complement: Fibration Associated to an Evolutive System	p. 171
Fibration Associated to an Evolutive System	p. 171
Particular Cases	p. 173
The Large Category of Evolutive Systems	p. 173
Internal Regulation and Memory Evolutive Systems	p. 175
Regulatory Organs in Autonomous Systems	p. 176
General Behaviour	p. 176
The Co-Regulators	p. 177
Meaning of Information	p. 178
Memory and Learning	p. 180
Several Types of Memory	p. 180
Different Properties of Memory	p. 181
Formation and Development of the Memory	p. 182
Structure of Memory Evolutive Systems	p. 183
Definition of a Memory Evolutive System	p. 183
Function of a Co-Regulator	p. 186
Propagation Delays and Time Lags	p. 187
Local Dynamics of a Memory Evolutive System	p. 188
Phase 1: Construction of the Landscape (Decoding)	p. 189
Phase 2: Selection of Objectives	p. 192
Phase 3: Commands (Encoding) of the Procedure, and Evaluation	p. 194
Structural and Temporal Constraints of a Co-Regulator	p. 198
Global Dynamics of a Memory Evolutive System	p. 200
Conflict between Procedures	p. 200
Interplay Among the Procedures	p. 201
Some Biological Examples	p. 203
Regulation of a Cell	p. 204
Gene Transcription in Prokaryotes	p. 204
Innate Immune System	p. 205
Behaviour of a Tissue	p. 206
Examples at the Level of Societies and Ecosystems	p. 207
Changes in an Ecosystem	p. 207
Organization of a Business	p. 208
Publication of a Journal	p. 210
Robustness, Plasticity and Aging	p. 213
Fractures and Dyschrony	p. 213
Different Causes of Dysfunction	p. 213
Temporal Causes of Fractures	p. 214
Dyschrony	p. 216
Dialectics between Heterogeneous Co-Regulators	p. 217
Heterogeneous Co-Regulators	p. 217
Several Cases	p. 221
Dialectics between Co-Regulators	p. 222
Comparison with Simple Systems	p. 224
Classical Analytic Models	p. 224
Comparison of Time Scales	p. 225
Mechanisms vs. Organisms	p. 226
Some Philosophical Remarks	p. 228
On the Problem of Final Cause	p. 228
More on Causality in Memory Evolutive Systems	p. 229
Role of Time	p. 230
Replication with Repair of DNA	p. 231
Biological Background	p. 231
The Memory Evolutive System Model	p. 232
A Theory of Aging	p. 234
Characteristics of Aging	p. 234
Theories of Aging at the Macromolecular Level	p. 237
Level of Infra-Cellular Structures	p. 239
Cellular Level	p. 240
Higher Levels (Tissues, Organs, Large Systems)	p. 241
Memory and Learning	p. 245
Formation of Records	p. 245
Storage and Recal	p. 245
Formation of a Partial Record	p. 247
Formation and Recall of a Record	p. 249
Flexibility of Records	p. 250
Development of the Memory	p. 250
Interactions between Records	p. 251
Complex Records	p. 251
Examples	p. 252
Procedural Memory	p. 253
Effectors Associated to a Procedure	p. 254
Basic Procedures	p. 256
Construction of the Procedural Memory	p. 257
Functioning of the Procedural Memory	p. 259
Activator Links	p. 259
Recall of a Procedure	p. 260
Generalization of a Procedure	p. 261
Selection of Admissible Procedures	p. 262
Admissible Procedures	p. 262
Procedure Associated to an Option	p. 263
Selection of a Procedure by a Co-Regulator	p. 264
Operative Procedure and Evaluation	p. 265
Interplay among the Procedures	p. 266
Formation of New Procedures	p. 266
Evaluation Process and Storage in Memory	p. 267
Semantic Memory	p. 269
How Are Records Classified?	p. 270
Pragmatic Classification with Respect to a Particular Attribute	p. 270
Formation of an E-Concept	p. 272
Links between E-Concepts	p. 275
Semantic Memory	p. 277
Some Epistemological Remarks	p. 280
The Knowledge of the System	p. 280
Acquisition of Knowledge by a Society	p. 281
The Role of the Interplay among Procedures	p. 282
Hidden Reality	p. 283
Application to Cognition and Consciousness
Cognition and Memory Evolutive Neural Systems	p. 287
A Brief Overview of Neurobiology	p. 287
Neurons and Synapses	p. 287
Coordination Neurons and Assemblies of Neurons	p. 288
Synchronous Assemblies of Neurons	p. 289
Binding of a Synchronous Assembly	p. 290
Categories of Cat-Neurons	p. 292
The Evolutive System of Neurons	p. 292
Cat-Neurons as Colimits of Synchronous Assemblies	p. 293
Interactions between Cat-Neurons	p. 295
The Hierarchical Evolutive System of Cat-Neurons	p. 297
Higher Level Cat-Neurons	p. 297
Extended Hebb Rule	p. 299
The Evolutive System of Cat-Neurons	p. 300
The Memory Evolutive Neural System	p. 302
The Memory of an Animal	p. 303
The Memory as a Hierarchical Evolutive System	p. 304
A Modular Organization: The Net of Co-Regulators	p. 305
Development of the Memory via the Co-Regulators	p. 307
Storage and Retrieval by a Co-Regulator	p. 307
Formation of Records	p. 309
Procedures and their Evaluation	p. 312
Applications	p. 315
Physiological Drives and Reflexes	p. 315
Conditioning	p. 316
Evaluating Co-Regulators and Value-Dominated Memory	p. 318
Semantics, Archetypal Core and Consciousness	p. 321
Semantic Memory	p. 321
Perceptual Categorization	p. 322
Concept with Respect to an Attribute	p. 323
The Semantic Memory	p. 326
Recall of a Concept	p. 330
Archetypal Core	p. 332
The Archetypal Core and Its Fans	p. 332
Extension of the Archetypal Core: The Experiential Memory	p. 334
Conscious Processes	p. 337
Intentional Co-Regulators	p. 338
Global Landscape	p. 339
Properties of the Global Landscape	p. 341
The Retrospection Process	p. 342
Prospection and Long-Term Planning	p. 343
Some Remarks on Consciousness	p. 344
Evolutionary, Causal and Temporal Aspects of Consciousness	p. 344
Qualia	p. 345
The Role of Quantum Processes	p. 346
Interpretation of Various Problems	p. 347
Self-Consciousness and Language	p. 347
A Brief Summary	p. 348
Basic Properties of Neural Systems	p. 348
Interpretation in Our Model	p. 350
Appendix	p. 353
Bibliography	p. 361
List of Figures	p. 379
Index	p. 383
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Memory Evolutive Systems

Hierarchy, Emergence, Cognition, Volume 4

At a Glance

Hardcover

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