Metacommunity Ecology, Volume 59

Preface xi1. Introduction: The Rise, Fall, and Rise Again of Metacommunity Ecology 11.1. The indelible influence of scale 31.2. The metacommunity framework allows simultaneous consideration of multiple processes at multiple scales 51.3. Discrete versus continuous metacommunities 91.4. A brief history of metacommunity ecology 131.5. MacArthur's paradox: Determinism versus stochasticity and the null model wars 151.6. Reemergence of the metacommunity perspective: 1990s and 2000s 181.7. A prospectus for metacommunity ecology: What are we trying to do in this book? 191.8. Moving forward: Overview of the rest of the book 201.9. A final note on our assumptions 212. The Theories of Metacommunities 232.1. An overview and critical analysis of the four archetypes of metacommunity ecology 272.2. Comparing and contrasting the archetypes 342.3. Exploring metacommunity ecology at the interface of the archetypes 372.4. Is there an "ubermodel"? 422.5. The influence of local coexistence mechanisms 462.6. Conclusions 473. Processes in Metacommunities 493.1. Resource utilization and response 513.2. Evidence for demographic stochasticity and drift 543.3. Dispersal limitation 623.4. Interactions between stochasticity, dispersal, and interspecific effects 743.5. The influence of habitat heterogeneity 773.6. Interactions between habitat heterogeneity and dispersal 843.7. Implications for local versus regional controls on diversity 873.8. Conclusions and synthesis 884. Metacommunity Patterns in Space 904.1. Patterns of SADs and related diversity metrics 924.2. Null models and co-occurrence in metacommunities 944.3. Elements of metacommunity structure 994.4. Using variation partitioning to diagnose spatial, environmental, and random effects 1064.5. Variation in the relative importance of metacommunity-structuring processes 1124.6. Factors that influence variation in metacommunity patterns 1174.7. Contributions of different species and different localities to the overall metacommunity pattern 1264.8. How well can we hope to do in explaining metacommunity structure? 1274.9. Caveats and conclusions 1295. Interactions between Time and Space in Metacommunities 1315.1. Temporal turnover: What does theory predict? 1335.2. Patterns of temporal turnover 1355.3. How time can influence deterministic community assembly 1405.4. Priority effects and multiple stable equilibria in metacommunities 1415.5. Endpoint assembly cycles 1445.6. Frequency-dependentcoexistence in spatially continuous metacommunities 1475.7. Conclusions 1496. What Can Functional Traits and Phylogenies Tell Us about Coexistence in Metacommunities? 1516.1. A brief history of trait-and phylogeny-based "assembly rules" 1546.2. The correlation between phylogenetic and trait-based information and "real" metacommunity processes 1586.3. Trait and phylogenetic over-or underdispersion: What does coexistence theory predict? 1626.4. Phylogenetic and functional-trait dispersions in a simple SS metacommunity 1676.5. Phylogenetic and trait dispersions in non-SS metacommunity archetypes 1736.6. Conclusions 1757. Combining Taxonomic and Functional-Trait Patterns to Disentangle Metacommunity Assembly Processes 1777.1. Using functional information to enhance taxonomic pattern analysis 1797.2. Using functional information to enhance analyses of change through space or time 1847.3. Toward a trait-based theory of metacommunity assembly 1897.4. Closing the loop: Predicting species abundance and distribution from traits 1977.5. Conclusions 2008. Eco-evolutionary Dynamics in Metacommunities 2028.1. Building an evolutionary ecology of metacommunities 2048.2. Adaptive evolution in metapopulations and metacommunities 2058.3. The community monopolization hypothesis 2078.4. Evolution toward neutrality 2198.5. Frequency-dependent evolution 2268.6. The interaction of community monopolization and neutral evolution 2288.7. The interaction between community monopolization and neutral evolution in the "real" world? 2338.8. Conclusions 2369. Macroevolution in Metacommunities 2399.1. How metacommunity processes influence phylogeny and radiations 2419.2. Historical effects 2459.3. Synthesis: A research agenda for integrating evolutionary and ecological processes that affect biodiversity 2509.4. Conclusions 25410. The Macroecology of Metacommunities 25510.1. What is macroecology? 25710.2 Synthesizing biodiversity macroecology processes and patterns 26210.3 Dissecting biodiversity macroecology patterns 26710.4. The role of metacommunity assembly processes in biodiversity macroecology patterns 27410.5. Diversity partitioning and the SAR 27610.6. Metacommunity assembly and the nested SAR 27710.7. Metacommunity assembly and the ISAR 27910.8. Biodiversity in the Anthropocene 28310.9. Metacommunities and contemporary biogeography: Scale-dependent patterns of species diversity along ecological gradients 29410.10. Other macroecological patterns 30010.11. Conclusions 30111. Food Webs in Metacommunities 30311.1. How do spatial processes and trophic interactions combine to influence coexistence in simple metacommunities? 30411.2. How do trophic interactions influence metacommunity processes? 30611.3. Toward a theory for trophically structured metacommunities 31011.4. Spatial processes and May's diversity-stability theory 31911.5. Frequency dependence and feedbacks between trophic interactions and spatial processes 32411.6. Food-web metacommunity assembly processes and the scale-dependent productivity-diversity relationship 32711.7. The influence of metacommunity processes on food-web structure and indirect interactions 33211.8. Conclusions 33312. Community Assembly and the Functioning of Ecosystems in Metacommunities 33512.1. The role of spatial processes in mediating BEF relationships 33912.2. A simple framework based on resource competition in a metacommunity context 34212.3. Ecosystems within metacommunities as CASs? 35912.4. Do ecosystems have regular features? 36312.5. Conclusions 36813. From Metacommunities to Metaecosystems 36913.1. Why spatial dynamics are so important in ecosystems 37113.2. Elements of metaecosystems ecology 37313.3. An emerging set of principles? 37713.4. Conclusions 37914. A Coming Transition in Metacommunity Ecology 38014.1. The accomplishments of metacommunity ecology version 1.x 38214.2. Synthesis through metacommunity ecology 38414.3. The current status and limitations of metacommunity version 1.9 38514.4. Going from version 1.9 to version 2.0 38714.5. From basic to applied metacommunity ecology 38914.6. Conclusions 391References 393Index 465