Preface to the Series | p. iii |
Preface to Volume 23 | p. v |
Contributors | p. xiii |
Contents of Other Volumes | p. xv |
Handbook on Toxicity of Inorganic Compounds | p. xxix |
Nickel in the Natural Environment | p. 1 |
General Chemistry and Geochemistry of Nickel | p. 2 |
Nickel in the Lithosphere and in Nickel Deposits | p. 5 |
Nickel in the Pedosphere | p. 10 |
Nickel in the Hydrosphere | p. 13 |
Nickel in the Atmosphere | p. 17 |
Nickel in the Biosphere and Its Degradation Products | p. 17 |
General Summary | p. 25 |
References | p. 25 |
Nickel in Aquatic Systems | p. 31 |
Introduction | p. 32 |
Nickel as an Essential Element for Aquatic Biota | p. 32 |
Nickel Toxicity | p. 33 |
Partitioning and Chemical Forms of Nickel in Water | p. 39 |
Bioaccumulation of Nickel by Aquatic Biota | p. 40 |
Food Chain Transfer of Nickel | p. 43 |
Conclusions and Recommendations | p. 43 |
References | p. 44 |
Nickel and Plants | p. 47 |
Nickel--An Essential Element for Plants? | p. 48 |
Nickel Toxicity | p. 52 |
Nickel Uptake and Nickel Content of Plants: Background Levels | p. 59 |
Nickel Uptake and Soil Parameters | p. 60 |
Nickel Uptake and Pollution | p. 63 |
Nickel Tolerance | p. 67 |
Nickel-Accumulating Plants | p. 70 |
Phytochemistry of Nickel-Accumulating Plants | p. 77 |
Future Outlook | p. 81 |
References | p. 82 |
Nickel Metabolism in Man and Animals | p. 91 |
Introduction | p. 92 |
Routes of Nickel Absorption | p. 92 |
Distribution of Nickel | p. 96 |
Nickel Transport and Cellular Uptake | p. 99 |
Nickel Biochemistry | p. 103 |
Routes of Elimination | p. 107 |
Nickel as an Essential Element | p. 109 |
Concluding Remarks and Summary | p. 114 |
Abbreviations | p. 115 |
References | p. 116 |
Nickel Ion Binding to Amino Acids and Peptides | p. 123 |
The Setting | p. 124 |
Amino Acid Complexes | p. 126 |
Citrate Complexes | p. 142 |
Peptide Complexes | p. 143 |
References | p. 159 |
Nickel in Proteins and Enzymes | p. 165 |
Introduction | p. 167 |
Nickel in Biology | p. 168 |
Nickel-Binding Proteins | p. 172 |
Enzymes and Metal Ions | p. 179 |
Metal Ion Catalysis | p. 186 |
Some Properties of Nickel Complexes | p. 196 |
Nickel(II) Catalysis in Model Systems | p. 216 |
Nickel(II)-Activated Enzymes | p. 219 |
Binding Sites for Metal Ions | p. 231 |
Nickel(III) Enzymes | p. 243 |
Nickel(II) Metalloenzymes: Urease | p. 256 |
Conclusion | p. 263 |
References | p. 263 |
Nickel-Containing Hydrogenases | p. 285 |
Introduction | p. 286 |
Nickel Involvement in Hydrogenases | p. 287 |
Spectroscopic Tools and Instrumental Probes: Isotopic Substitutions | p. 287 |
Active Center Composition: Types of Hydrogenases | p. 289 |
Cell Localization of Hydrogenases: Existence of Multiple Forms and Genetic Information | p. 291 |
EPR and Mossbauer Studies: Nickel and [FeS] Centers | p. 292 |
Midpoint Redox Potentials | p. 301 |
Nickel Site Coordination | p. 302 |
Discussion of a Mechanistic Framework for the Nickel-Containing Hydrogenases | p. 303 |
Conclusion | p. 309 |
Abstract | p. 309 |
Note Added in Proof | p. 310 |
References | p. 311 |
Nickel Ion Binding to Nucleosides and Nucleotides | p. 315 |
Binding to Bases and Nucleosides | p. 316 |
Binding to Nucleotides | p. 321 |
References | p. 328 |
Interactions between Nickel and DNA: Considerations about the Role of Nickel in Carcinogenesis | p. 331 |
Introduction | p. 332 |
Nickel(II) Interaction with DNA | p. 335 |
Nickel and Nucleoproteins | p. 346 |
In Vivo Influence of Nickel(II) on the Thermal Properties of Chromatin Inside the Nuclei, and on Cells and Tissues of Normal and Tumorous Origin | p. 348 |
Nickel(II) Incorporation in DNA and the Role of Nickel in Carcinogenesis | p. 352 |
Conclusion | p. 354 |
References | p. 356 |
Toxicology of Nickel Compounds | p. 359 |
Introduction | p. 360 |
Human Exposures | p. 361 |
Nickel Carbonyl Poisoning | p. 363 |
Nickel Hypersensitivity | p. 367 |
Nickel Carcinogenesis | p. 373 |
Genetic Toxicology | p. 379 |
Miscellaneous Health Effects | p. 386 |
Concluding Remarks and Summary | p. 390 |
Abbreviations | p. 392 |
References | p. 392 |
Analysis of Nickel in Biological Materials | p. 403 |
General Aspects of Analyses of Nickel in Biological Materials | p. 403 |
Choice of Implements and Chemicals | p. 405 |
Specimen Collection; Sampling | p. 407 |
Sample Preparation | p. 413 |
Determination Methods | p. 418 |
Abbreviations | p. 425 |
References | p. 426 |
Author Index | p. 429 |
Subject Index | p. 463 |
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