Methods of Cancer Diagnosis, Therapy, and Prognosis

PART I. OVARIAN CANCER Diagnosis 1. IDENTIFICATION OF BIOMARKERS FOR CLEAR CELL OVARIAN ADENOCARCINOMA; Samuel C. Mok, Michael P. Stanley, Hiroshi Tsuda, and Michael J. Birrer INTRODUCTION GENETIC ALTERATIONS IN CLEAR CELL OVARIAN CANCER CLEAR CELL OVARIAN CANCER HAS DISTINCT TRANSCRIPTION PROFILES DIFFERENTIAL GENE EXPRESSION IN CLEAR CELL ADENOCARCINOMA OF DIFFERENT ORGANS REFERENCES 2. OVARIAN CARCINOMA: DIAGNOSTIC IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY OF MUCIN 4 (MUC4); Moorthy P. Ponnusamy, Ajay P. Singh, Subodh M. Lele, and Surinder K. Batra INTRODUCTION HISTOPATHOLOGY OF OVARIAN CANCER STAGES AND PROGNOSIS OF OVARIAN CANCER BIOMARKERS AND SCREENING OF OVARIAN CANCER ABERRANT MUCIN EXPRESSION IN OVARIAN CANCER MUCIN 4: Structure and Biology MUCIN 4 in Ovarian Cancer METHODOLOGY FOR MUCIN4 IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY Tissue Sectioning Immunolabeling Assessment of MUC4 Staining REFERENCES 3. DISTINGUISHING BENIGN FROM MALIGNANT COMPLEX ADNEXAL MASSES IN OVARIAN CANCER: TWO- DIMENSIONAL POWER-DOPPLER IMAGING; Juan Luis Alcazar INTRODUCTION PATIENTS AND METHODS RESULTS DISCUSSION CONCLUSION REFERENCES 4. SUBGROUPS OF OVARIAN CARCINOMA: IDENTIFICATION USING DIFFERENTIAL GENE EXPRESSION; Kristin L.M. Boylan, Keith M. Skubitz, and Amy P.N. Skubitz INTRODUCTION OVARIAN CANCER HETEROGENEITY SELECTION OF SAMPLES FOR GENE MICROARRAY ANALYSIS CONTAMINATION OF GENE EXPRESSION PROFILES BY OTHER CELLS IN TISSUES NUMBER OF SAMPLES TO ANALYZE FOR GENE PROFILING IMPORTANCE OF PATHOLOGICAL QUALITY CONTROL CLINICAL CORRELATIONS GENE MICROARRAY PLATFORMS RNA ISOLATION FOR GENERATING GENE EXPRESSION DATA ANAYSIS OF GENE MICROARRAY DATA NEED FOR SECONDARY VALIDATION OF DATA GOALS FOR GENE MICROARRAY ANAYSIS GENE EXPRESSION ANALYSIS USED TO DETERMINE OVARIAN CANCER SUBGROUPS GENE EXPRESSION ANALYSIS USED TO COMPARE DIFFERENT STAGES OR GRADES OF OVARIAN CANCER GENE EXPRESSION PROFILES BASED ON METASTASIS CORRELATION OF GENE EXPRESSION PROFILES TO CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC RESPONSE CORRELATION OF GENE EXPRESSION PROFILES TO SURGICAL DEBULKING CORRELATION OF GENE EXPRESSION PROFILES TO PATIENTS' SURVIVAL REFERENCES 5. SERTOLIFORM ENDOMETRIOID CARCINOMA OF THE OVARY: DIAGNOSIS AND PROGNOSIS; Monalisa Sur and Dean Daya INTRODUCTION DIAGNOSIS Clinical Features Gross Findings Microscopic Findings DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY Cytokeratins Epithelial Membrane Antigen Inhibin Calretinin Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors Other Markers PROGNOSIS REFERENCES Prognosis 6. ROLE OF MUC16 (CA125) IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF EPITHELIAL OVARIAN CANCER; Jennifer A. Arens Gubbels, Joseph P. Connor, and Manish S. Patankar INTRODUCTION CA125 and MUC16 MUC16 in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer MESOTHELIN AND MUC16 BINDING: A MODEL FOR METASTASIS Mesothelin Mesothelin and MUC16 Binding Kinetics of Mesothelin-MUC16 Binding Mesothelin Binds to N-Linked Oligosaccharides Present on MUC16 MUC16 BINDING TO NATURAL KILLER CELLS: IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE EFFECTS A Phenotypic Shift NK Cell Differentiation Tumor Cell Layers of Protection REFERENCES 7. CLEAR CELL CARCINOMA OF THE OVARY: PROGNOSIS USING CYTOREDUCTIVE SURGERY; Masashi Takano, Naoki Sasaki, and Toru Sugiyama INTRODUCTION CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS MOLECULAR CHARACTERISTICS CLINICAL OUTCOME Resistance to