Preface xv
Acknowledgement xvii
Volume 1 Pathogen Detection and Identification 1
1 Introduction 3
1.1 Concepts and Implications of Pathogen Infection of Seeds and Propagules 3
1.2 Economic Importance of Seed] and Propagule]Borne Microbial Pathogens 4
1.3 Nature of Seed] and Propagule]Borne Microbial Pathogens 6
1.4 Development of Crop Disease Management Systems 8
References 9
2 Detection and Identification of Fungal Pathogens 12
2.1 Detection and Differentiation of Fungal Pathogens in Seeds 12
2.2 Detection and Differentiation of Fungal Pathogens in Propagules 86
2.3 Appendix 104
References 112
3 Biology of Fungal Pathogens 134
3.1 Biological Characteristics 135
3.2 Physiological Characteristics of Fungal Pathogens 144
3.3 Genotypic Characteristics of Fungal Pathogens 147
3.4 Influence of Storage Conditions 165
3.5 Appendix 166
References 166
4 Process of Infection by Fungal Pathogens 174
4.1 Invasion Paths of Seedborne Fungal Pathogens 174
4.2 Invasion Paths of Propagule]Borne Fungal Pathogens 207
References 210
5 Detection and Identification of Bacterial and Phytoplasmal Pathogens 220
5.1 Detection and Identification of Bacterial Pathogens 220
5.2 Detection of Bacterial Pathogens in Propagules 273
5.3 Detection of Phytoplasmal Pathogens 326
5.4 Appendix 343
References 352
6 Biology and Infection Process of Bacterial and Phytoplasmal Pathogens 375
6.1 Biology of Bacterial Pathogens 375
6.2 Disease Cycles of Seedborne Bacterial Pathogens 377
6.3 Disease Cycles of Propagule]Borne Bacterial Pathogens 409
6.4 Biology of Phytoplasmal Pathogens 429
6.5 Disease Cycles of Phytoplasmal Pathogens 431
6.6 Appendix 437
References 437
7 Detection and Identification of Viruses and Viroids 457
7.1 Detection of Viruses in Seeds 457
7.2 Detection of Viruses in Propagules 493
7.3 Detection of Viroids in Seeds 572
7.4 Detection of Viroids in Propagules 577
7.5 Appendix 590
References 594
8 Biology and Infection Process of Viruses and Viroids 619
8.1 Characteristics of Plant Viruses 619
8.2 Biological Properties of Viruses 620
8.3 Infection Process of Plant Viruses 632
8.4 Characteristics of Viroids 646
8.5 Infection Process of Viroids 651
References 656
Index 669
Volume 2 Epidemiology and Management of Crop Diseases 1
9 Epidemiology of Seed] and Propagule]Borne Diseases 3
9.1 Epidemiology of Fungal Diseases 4
9.2 Epidemiology of Bacterial Diseases 27
9.3 Epidemioloy of Virus Diseases 37
References 42
10 Crop Disease Management: Exclusion of Pathogens 52
10.1 Health Status of Seeds and Propagules 52
10.2 Plant Quarantines for Preventing Entry of Microbial Pathogens 63
10.3 Production of Disease]Free Seeds and Propagules 72
10.4 Appendix 89
References 91
11 Crop Disease Management: Reduction of Pathogen Inoculum 100
11.1 Reduction of Pathogen Inoculum by Cultural Practices 100
11.2 Reduction of Pathogen Inoculum by Physical Techniques 123
11.3 Reduction of Pathogen Inoculum by Chemical Techniques 132
References 133
12 Crop Disease Management: Enhancement of Genetic Resistance of Crop Plants 142
12.1 Types of Disease Resistance 142
12.2 Identfication of Sources of Resistance to Crop Diseases 145
12.3 Improvement of Disease Resistance Through Biotechnological Approaches 188
References 205
13 Crop Disease Management: Biological Management Strategies 224
13.1 Evaluation of Biotic Agents for Biological Control Potential 225
13.2 Evaluation of Abiotic Agents for Biological Control Potential 262
13.3 Methods of Application of Formulated Products of Biological Control Agents 283
13.4 Integration of Biological Control with Other Management Practices 289
References 290
14 Crop Disease Management: Chemical Application 306
14.1 Application of Fungicides 307
14.2 Application of Chemicals Against Bacterial Diseases 341
14.3 Application of Chemicals Against Virus Diseases 348
References 351
15 Crop Disease Management: Integration of Strategies 361
15.1 Development of Integrated Disease Management Systems 361
15.2 Management of Fungal Diseases 364
15.3 Management of Bacterial Diseases 369
15.4 Management of Virus Diseases 373
References 377
Index 383
