| Preface | p. xi |
| Acknowledgments | p. xiii |
| Authors | p. xv |
| Nomenclature | p. xvii |
| Greek Symbols | p. xxi |
| Subscripts | p. xxiii |
| Introduction to Microscale Heat Transfer | p. 1 |
| Microscale Heat Transfer: A Recent Avenue in Energy Transport | p. 1 |
| State of the Art: Some Introductory Remarks | p. 2 |
| Overview of Microscale Transport Phenomena | p. 4 |
| Microchannel Flow and Convective Heat Transfer | p. 5 |
| Phase Change and Two-Phase Flow | p. 8 |
| Conduction and Radiation in the Microscale | p. 9 |
| Discussions on Size-Effect Behavior | p. 11 |
| Comments on Contradictory Observations in Microscale Convection | p. 14 |
| Recent Trends | p. 15 |
| Fundamental Approach for Microscale Heat Transfer | p. 15 |
| Microscopic View Point and Energy Carriers | p. 16 |
| Boltzmann Transport Equation | p. 16 |
| Electromagnetic Waves and Maxwell's Equations | p. 17 |
| Basics of Molecular Dynamics Modeling | p. 19 |
| Introduction to Engineering Applications of Microscale Heat Transfer | p. 20 |
| Thin Films | p. 20 |
| Microchannel Heat Exchangers | p. 21 |
| Micro Heat Pipes and Micro Heat Spreaders | p. 22 |
| Other Applications | p. 24 |
| Concluding Remarks | p. 26 |
| References | p. 27 |
| Microscale Heat Conduction | p. 31 |
| Review of Conduction Heat Transfer | p. 31 |
| Conduction at the Microscale | p. 33 |
| Space and Timescales | p. 35 |
| Fundamental Approach | p. 38 |
| Thermal Conductivity | p. 43 |
| Thermal Conductivity Models | p. 44 |
| Thermal Conductivity Expression from Kinetic Theory | p. 44 |
| Thermal Conductivity Models for Solids | p. 45 |
| Thermal Conductivity of Liquids | p. 50 |
| Thermal Conductivity of Solid-Liquid Suspensions | p. 51 |
| Thermal Conductivity Prediction Using Molecular Dynamics | p. 52 |
| Boltzmann Equation and Phonon Transport | p. 54 |
| Conduction in Thin Films | p. 55 |
| Superconducting Films | p. 58 |
| Laser-Induced Heating | p. 61 |
| Heat Conduction in Electronic Devices | p. 68 |
| Measurement of Heat Conduction in the Microscale | p. 72 |
| Electrical Probe Techniques | p. 73 |
| Optical Methods | p. 76 |
| Conduction in Semiconductor Devices | p. 81 |
| Conduction in Dielectric Films | p. 82 |
| Conduction in Crystalline Substances | p. 85 |
| Concluding Remarks | p. 88 |
| References | p. 90 |
| Fundamentals of Microscale Convection | p. 95 |
| Introduction | p. 95 |
| Convective Heat Transfer in Microtubes and Channels | p. 97 |
| Thermodynamic Considerations | p. 97 |
| Continuum Approach | p. 98 |
| Conservation Laws and Governing Equations | p. 99 |
| Solution in Size-Affected Domains | p. 101 |
| Single-Phase Forced Convection in Microchannels | p. 101 |
| Flow Regimes and Flow Transition | p. 102 |
| Hydrodynamic and Thermal Entry Lengths | p. 104 |
| Nonconventional Analysis Methods | p. 105 |
| Electric Double Layer Theory for Ionic Fluids | p. 106 |
| Augmented Equations for Micropolar Fluids | p. 110 |
| Slip Flow Models for Gas Flow | p. 111 |
| Boiling and Two-Phase Flow | p. 113 |
| Two-Phase Flow Patterns | p. 115 |
| Boiling Curve and Critical Heat Flux | p. 116 |
| Boiling Nucleation and Two-Phase Flow in Microchannels | p. 117 |
| Condensation in Microchannels | p. 120 |
| Concluding Remarks | p. 122 |
| References | p. 122 |
| Engineering Applications of Microscale Convective Heat Transfer | p. 125 |
| Introduction | p. 125 |
| Research and Development | p. 125 |
| Early Investigations on Microscale Convective Heat Transfer | p. 125 |
| Single-Phase Liquid Flow | p. 126 |
| Gas Flow in Microchannels | p. 131 |
| Phase Change and Two-Phase Flow | p. 134 |
| Recent Advances in Microscale Convective Heat Transfer | p. 139 |
| Single-Phase Liquid Flow | p. 139 |
| Gas Flow | p. 164 |
| Phase Change and Two-Phase Flow | p. 166 |
| Design Optimization | p. 173 |
| Review Papers | p. 173 |
| Analysis of Systems for Engineering Applications | p. 174 |
| Computational Analysis of Microchannel Heat Sinks | p. 174 |
| Analysis of Rectangular Microchannels | p. 175 |
| Micro Fin Arrays in the Slip Flow Domain | p. 183 |
| Optical Measurements | p. 190 |
| Concentration and Diffusion Measurements | p. 192 |
| Temperature Field and Heat Transfer in Mini Channels | p. 193 |
| Other Visualization Methods | p. 196 |
| Micro Heat Pipes and Micro Heat Spreaders | p. 197 |
| Modeling of Conventional Micro Heat Pipes | p. 200 |
| Wire-Sandwiched (Wire-Bonded) Micro Heat Pipes | p. 212 |
| Flat Plate Micro Heat Spreaders | p. 219 |
| Other Innovative Designs of Micro Heat Pipes | p. 222 |
| Comparative Study of Micro Heat Pipes | p. 226 |
| Integration of Microchannel Heat Sinks to Substrates | p. 226 |
| Concluding Remarks | p. 237 |
| References | p. 237 |
| Microscale Radiative Heat Transfer | p. 251 |
| Macroscopic Approach | p. 251 |
| Microscopic Approach | p. 253 |
| Microscales in Radiative Transfer | p. 255 |
| Spatial Microscales for Radiation | p. 255 |
| Temporal Microscales | p. 258 |
| Investigations of Microscale Radiation | p. 259 |
| Radiation Interaction with Microstructures and Materials | p. 260 |
| Radiation Scattering by Microstructures | p. 261 |
| Studies on Silicon Films | p. 262 |
| Superconducting Materials and Films | p. 263 |
| Modeling of Microscale Radiation | p. 264 |
| Particulate Systems: Modeling with Electrical Field | p. 265 |
| Thin Metallic Films: Boltzmann and Maxwell Equations | p. 266 |
| Short-Pulse Laser Interactions: Deviations from Classical Models | p. 268 |
| Radiation Properties in the Microscale Regime | p. 273 |
| Recent Developments in Theoretical Modeling | p. 282 |
| Concluding Remarks | p. 284 |
| References | p. 285 |
| Nanoscale Thermal Phenomena | p. 289 |
| Introduction | p. 289 |
| Length Scales for Nanoscale Heat Transfer | p. 290 |
| Heat Transfer Modes in Nanoscale Size-Affected Domains | p. 291 |
| Application Areas of Nanoscale Heat Transfer | p. 293 |
| Nanoparticles and Nanofluids | p. 293 |
| Preparation of Nanofluids | p. 296 |
| State of the Art in Experimental Investigations | p. 297 |
| Determination of Effective Thermal Conductivity | p. 297 |
| Studies on Thermal Conductivity | p. 300 |
| Transport Phenomena in Nanoparticle Suspensions | p. 304 |
| Measurements in Nanofluids | p. 307 |
| Thermal Conductivity | p. 307 |
| Effect of Temperature and Volume Fraction on Thermal Conductivity | p. 310 |
| Effect of Particle Size on Thermal Conductivity | p. 314 |
| Transient and Steady-State Experimental Methods for Nanofluids | p. 316 |
| Viscosity Measurements | p. 318 |
| Surface Tension | p. 321 |
| Onset of Natural Convection | p. 322 |
| Forced Convection in Heat Exchangers | p. 326 |
| Phase Change Heat Transfer | p. 329 |
| Boiling | p. 331 |
| Burnout Heat Flux | p. 333 |
| Effects of Agitation Time and Sedimentation on Burnout | p. 333 |
| Theoretical Investigations | p. 335 |
| Molecular Dynamics Simulation | p. 336 |
| Molecular Dynamics for Nanofluids | p. 343 |
| General Methodology | p. 345 |
| Simulations for Thermophysical Properties | p. 346 |
| Modeling of Thermal Phenomena | p. 350 |
| Special Topics in Thermal Phenomena | p. 356 |
| Natural Convection under Various Heating Conditions | p. 356 |
| Mixing Effect Due to Brownian Motion | p. 360 |
| Microconvection in Nanofluids | p. 362 |
| Concluding Remarks | p. 369 |
| References | p. 370 |
| Numerical Examples | p. 379 |
| Microscale Conduction | p. 379 |
| Microscale Convective Heat Transfer | p. 381 |
| Microscale Radiation | p. 391 |
| Nanoscale Thermal Phenomena | p. 394 |
| Index | p. 399 |
| Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |
