Preface | p. ix |
Basic Operation | p. 1 |
Materials Properties | p. 2 |
Energy Bands | p. 2 |
Doping and Carrier Concentration | p. 3 |
Carrier Transport and Conductivity | p. 6 |
Deep Levels | p. 13 |
Breakdown and Tunneling | p. 15 |
Contact Properties | p. 17 |
Ohmic Contacts | p. 17 |
The p-n Junctions | p. 19 |
Schottky Barrier Junctions | p. 23 |
Heterostructures | p. 24 |
MESFET Description | p. 27 |
Current-Voltage Characteristics | p. 30 |
Transconductance and Output Resistance | p. 34 |
Capacitance-Voltage Characteristics | p. 39 |
Second-Order Effects | p. 44 |
Output Resistance as a Function of Frequency | p. 45 |
Transconductance as a Function of Frequency | p. 49 |
Subthreshold Effects | p. 50 |
Optical Effects | p. 53 |
HEMT Description | p. 58 |
Current-Voltage Characteristics | p. 61 |
Transconductance and Output Resistance | p. 64 |
Capacitance-Voltage Characteristics | p. 68 |
Device Models | p. 73 |
Small-Signal Models | p. 75 |
Physical Significance of Equivalent Circuit Element Values | p. 75 |
Parasitic Inductances L[subscript s], L[subscript d], and L[subscript g] | p. 77 |
Parasitic Resistances R[subscript s], R[subscript d], and R[subscript g] | p. 77 |
Capacitances C[subscript gs], C[subscript gd], and C[subscript ds] | p. 77 |
Transconductance g[subscript m] | p. 78 |
Output Conductance g[subscript ds] | p. 78 |
Transconductance Delay | p. 78 |
Charging Resistance | p. 79 |
Scaling Rules for Element Values | p. 79 |
Physically Based Modeling | p. 80 |
Direct Current Analysis | p. 84 |
Transconductance and Output Conductance | p. 87 |
Capacitances C[subscript gs], C[subscript gd], and C[subscript ds] | p. 88 |
Pucel Model Results | p. 89 |
Modeling Frequency-Dependent Conductances | p. 90 |
Noise Models | p. 92 |
Empirical Noise Models | p. 97 |
Physical Models | p. 118 |
Large-Signal Models | p. 128 |
Empirical MESFET/HEMT Models | p. 128 |
Curtice Model | p. 130 |
Statz (Raytheon) Model | p. 133 |
Materka-Kacprzak Model | p. 138 |
TriQuint's Own Model (TOM) | p. 139 |
Advanced Curtice Model (Meta-Software) | p. 140 |
Curtice-Ettenberg Model | p. 141 |
Procedure for Developing HEMT Models | p. 142 |
HEMT Model (Curtice) | p. 143 |
HEMT Materka-Kacprzak Model | p. 146 |
HEMT Advanced Curtice Model | p. 147 |
MESFET/HEMT Model Comparisons | p. 147 |
Physically Based Models | p. 152 |
Physically Based MESFET Model | p. 152 |
Physically Based HEMT Model | p. 162 |
Characterization | p. 173 |
Direct Current Measurements | p. 174 |
Conventional Current-Voltage Measurements | p. 174 |
Forward-Bias Gate Measurements | p. 179 |
Radio-Frequency Measurements | p. 183 |
Microwave S-Parameter Measurements | p. 183 |
Pulsed Measurements | p. 186 |
Low Frequency Dispersion Measurements | p. 188 |
Large-Signal Measurements | p. 189 |
Load-Pull Measurements | p. 189 |
Two-Tone Harmonic Content Measurements | p. 194 |
Noise Characterization | p. 197 |
Spectral Density Measurements | p. 197 |
Fully Automated Minimum Noise Figure Measurements | p. 200 |
Parameter Extraction | p. 207 |
Direct Current Data Extraction | p. 207 |
Current-Voltage Behavior | p. 208 |
Parasitic Resistances | p. 211 |
Rectifying Contact Properties | p. 214 |
Gate-Drain Breakdown | p. 215 |
Extraction of Small-Signal Equivalent Circuits | p. 216 |
Conventional Optimization Techniques | p. 216 |
Direct Extraction of Intrinsic Elements | p. 219 |
Capacitance Extraction | p. 221 |
Extraction of g[subscript ds] and g[subscript m] | p. 222 |
Extraction of [tau] and R[subscript i] | p. 223 |
Comparison of Measured and Modeled S-Parameter Data | p. 227 |
Parasitic Inductance Extraction | p. 229 |
Extraction of Parasitic Resistances from S-Parameters | p. 232 |
Element Extraction at Multiple Bias Points | p. 236 |
Large-Signal Extraction | p. 240 |
Nonlinear Unconstrained Optimization | p. 240 |
Fundamentals of Unconstrained Optimization | p. 241 |
Newton Methods | p. 246 |
Random Optimization Techniques | p. 249 |
A Large-Signal Parameter Extraction Methodology | p. 252 |
Noise Model Extraction | p. 273 |
Direct Minimum Noise Figure Measurements | p. 273 |
Equivalent Circuit Elements with Noise Spectral Density | p. 275 |
Applications and Limitations | p. 279 |
Applications | p. 280 |
Low Noise and Small-Signal Amplifiers | p. 280 |
Power Amplifiers | p. 283 |
Oscillators | p. 285 |
Mixers | p. 288 |
Attenuators | p. 291 |
Figures of Merit | p. 294 |
Gain-Bandwidth Product | p. 295 |
Maximum Frequency of Oscillation | p. 298 |
Maximum Stable Gain | p. 301 |
Maximum Gain Efficiency | p. 303 |
Minimum Noise Figure and Associated Gain | p. 304 |
MESFET Limitations | p. 304 |
MESFET Scaling Rules and Physical Limits | p. 305 |
Transconductance and Gate-Source Capacitance | p. 314 |
Maximum Frequency of Oscillation and Gain-Bandwidth Product | p. 316 |
Noise Figure Limits | p. 319 |
Output Power Limits | p. 320 |
HEMT Limitations | p. 326 |
HEMT Scaling Rules and Physical Limits | p. 326 |
Transconductance and Gate-Source Capacitance | p. 330 |
Maximum Frequency of Oscillation and Gain-Bandwidth Product | p. 331 |
Noise Figure Limits | p. 332 |
Output Power Limits | p. 334 |
List of Symbols | p. 343 |
Index | p. 347 |
The Authors | p. 351 |
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