Minimally Invasive Medical Technology

Name: Minimally Invasive Medical Technology
Brand: INST OF PHYSICS PUB
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By: John G. Webster (Editor)

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Hardcover | 1 January 2001 | Edition Number 1

At a Glance

Hardcover
334 Pages

Dimensions(cm)
24.77 x 15.88 x 2.54

Hardcover

RRP $452.00

$319.90

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Minimally invasive medicine has the goal of providing health care with minimal trauma. When minimally invasive surgery is utilized, it reduces the length of hospital stays, lowers costs, lowers pain, and reduces blood loss. Other minimally invasive techniques minimize radiation exposure, tissue damage, and drug side effects.

Collecting contributions from workers in various fields within the sphere of minimally invasive medical technology, this book provides essential information for those involved with researching, designing, and using minimally invasive devices and systems. It emphasizes the technology required to accomplish minimally invasive medicine. The book will be of interest to biomedical engineers, medical physicists, and health care providers who want to know the technical workings of their devices and instruments.

Industry Reviews

"Each chapter appears to be interesting and understandable." Health Physics hapter appears to be interesting and understandable." Health Physics

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Non-Fiction Medicine Medicine in General Medical Equipment & Techniques Health Systems & Services General Practice Other Branches of Medicine Medical Imaging Nursing & Ancillary Services Biomedical Engineering Science Physics

Pre-Clinical Medicine & Basic Sciences

Preface	p. xvii
Chemical Sensors	p. 1
Objects of measurement	p. 1
Objects of chemical measurement	p. 1
Requirement of chemical-measurement sensor	p. 2
Placement of sensors	p. 2
Electrochemical sensors	p. 3
Electrode potential	p. 3
Potentiometric sensors	p. 5
Amperometric measurement	p. 7
Electrochemical gas sensors	p. 9
Fiber-optic chemical sensors	p. 10
Spectrophotometric analysis and Beer's Law	p. 10
Fiber-optic chemical sensors	p. 12
Optical oximetry	p. 14
Other transducers	p. 18
Acoustic bulk-wave device	p. 18
Acoustic surface-wave device	p. 19
Thermal measurement	p. 19
Biosensors	p. 19
Enzyme-based biosensors	p. 20
Immunosensors	p. 22
Microbial sensors	p. 23
Problems	p. 24
References	p. 24
Neuro-Electric Signal Recording	p. 26
Neuro-electric signal	p. 26
Resting potential	p. 26
Action potential	p. 27
Conventional electrodes	p. 28
Metal microelectrode	p. 29
Micropipette electrode	p. 29
Silicon-based microelectrodes	p. 30
Problems	p. 31
References	p. 32
Pressure Sensors	p. 33
Pressure measurement	p. 33
Indirect pressure measurement	p. 34
Direct measurement	p. 36
Diaphragm for pressure sensor	p. 36
Strain-gage pressure sensor	p. 37
Capacitive pressure sensor	p. 39
Fiber-optic pressure sensor	p. 40
Catheter-type pressure sensors	p. 42
Catheter-sensor pressure sensor	p. 42
Catheter-tip pressure sensor	p. 43
Problems	p. 44
References	p. 45
X-Ray-Based Imaging	p. 46
X-ray production	p. 47
The X-ray beam	p. 47
X-ray tubes	p. 47
Anode design	p. 48
Interaction of X-rays with matter	p. 49
Scattering	p. 49
Harmful effects of exposure	p. 49
X-ray detection	p. 50
Screen-film detectors	p. 51
Image intensifier	p. 51
Digital detectors	p. 52
Image quality	p. 53
X-ray applications	p. 54
X-ray mammography	p. 54
Fluoroscopy	p. 55
X-ray angiography	p. 55
Computed tomography	p. 55
Scanner technology	p. 56
Filtered back-projection	p. 56
Spiral CT	p. 57
Problems	p. 58
References	p. 58
Nuclear Medicine	p. 59
Radionuclides	p. 59
Gamma detection	p. 60
Single-photon emission computed tomography	p. 61
Positron emission tomography	p. 63
Event detection	p. 63
Uses of PET	p. 64
Image quality	p. 65
Problems	p. 66
References	p. 66
MRI	p. 67
MR physics	p. 67
Precession	p. 67
Excitation	p. 69
Relaxation	p. 70
Imaging principles	p. 71
Selective excitation	p. 71
Spatial encoding	p. 72
Pulse sequences	p. 72
Image quality	p. 74
MR angiography	p. 75
Noncontrast-enhanced methods	p. 75
Contrast-enhanced MR angiography	p. 76
Diffusion-weighted and functional MRI	p. 77
MR spectroscopic imaging	p. 78
Problems	p. 78
References	p. 79
Biomagnetic and Bioelectric Imaging	p. 80
Bioelectromagnetism	p. 80
Electroencephalography	p. 81
Magnetoencephalography	p. 81
Electrocardiography	p. 82
Magnetocardiography	p. 82
Biosuceptometry	p. 83
Image generation	p. 83
Heart bioelectrical or biomagnetic imaging	p. 84
Brain bioelectric or biomagnetic imaging	p. 85
The inverse problem	p. 85
Space and temporal resolution	p. 87
Bioeffects	p. 87
Problems	p. 87
References	p. 87
Ultrasound	p. 89
Physical principles of ultrasound	p. 89
Sound waves in sonography	p. 90
Speed, wavelength and frequency	p. 90
Sound intensity	p. 90
Sound behavior and its interaction with objects	p. 91
Transducers	p. 93
Transducer resonant frequency	p. 93
Transducer assembly head	p. 94
Types of transducer assembly head	p. 95
Sound beams	p. 95
Transducer beamforming	p. 97
Ultrasound image generation	p. 97
Ultrasound resolution	p. 99
Artifacts	p. 100
Doppler ultrasound	p. 102
Continuous wave Doppler ultrasound	p. 102
Pulsed Doppler ultrasound	p. 103
Duplex ultrasound	p. 103
Color flow Doppler ultrasound	p. 103
Three dimensional (3D) ultrasound	p. 104
Bioeffects	p. 104
Problems	p. 105
References	p. 106
Multimodal Imaging	p. 107
Multimodal imaging versus image fusion	p. 107
Multimodal imaging	p. 107
Anatomical data and the volume conductor model	p. 109
Source modelling	p. 111
Source localization	p. 112
Linearly constrained minimum variance (LMCV) spatial filters	p. 114
Image fusion	p. 117
Virtual colonoscopy	p. 117
Brain functionality with CT and SPECT	p. 118
Biomagnetic and bioelectric imaging	p. 120
Bioeffects	p. 120
Problems	p. 120
References	p. 121
General Techniques and Applications	p. 122
Minimally invasive cardiovascular surgery	p. 122
Minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass	p. 123
PTMR	p. 124
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty	p. 126
Minimally invasive brain surgery	p. 127
Endoscopic neurosurgery and endoscope-assisted microneurosurgery	p. 127
Image-guided stereotaxic brain surgery	p. 128
Minimally invasive ophthalmalic surgery	p. 129
Laser glaucoma surgery	p. 129
Laser corneal reshaping surgery	p. 131
Problems	p. 133
References	p. 133
Endoscopic Surgery	p. 135
Endoscopes	p. 136
Rigid endoscope	p. 136
Flexible telescope	p. 137
New developments and perspectives of endoscopic technology	p. 139
Mechanical surgical tools for endoscopic surgery	p. 140
Endoscopic surgical tools for dissection, ligation and suturing	p. 141
Haptic feedback for endoscopic surgery	p. 141
Endoscopic electrosurgery, ultrasonic surgery and laser surgery	p. 142
Electrosurgical technologies in endoscopic surgery	p. 142
Ultrasonic surgery and harmonic scalpel	p. 144
Laser surgery	p. 144
The basic procedure and equipment set-up for laparoscopic surgery	p. 145
Basic procedures of laparoscopic surgery	p. 145
Equipment set-ups for laparoscopic surgery	p. 146
Descriptions of some laparoscopic equipment and surgical tools	p. 146
New trends and perspectives of laparoscopic technology	p. 147
Arthroscopy	p. 148
Instruments	p. 148
Arthroscopic knee surgery	p. 149
Problems	p. 150
References	p. 150
Image-Guided Surgery	p. 152
Image registration	p. 153
Rigid body transformation	p. 153
Nonrigid body transformation	p. 155
Extrinsic image registration	p. 155
Intrinsic image registration	p. 156
Image fusion	p. 157
Surgical planning	p. 158
Generic atlas models	p. 158
Visualization	p. 159
Stereotactic surgeries	p. 160
Frame-based stereotactic systems	p. 160
Frameless stereotactic systems	p. 162
Intraoperative endoscopy and microscopy	p. 165
Endoscopy	p. 166
Microscopy	p. 166
X-ray fluoroscopy	p. 167
Intraoperative computed tomography	p. 168
Intraoperative ultrasound	p. 169
Intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging	p. 169
Scanner design	p. 170
Instrumentation compatibility	p. 172
Instrument tracking	p. 172
Data acquisition and reconstruction	p. 173
Problems	p. 173
References	p. 173
Virtual and Augmented Reality in Medicine	p. 176
Virtual environment	p. 176
VR sensors	p. 177
VR actuators	p. 179
Augmented reality	p. 183
Teaching	p. 183
Diagnosis and surgical planning	p. 184
Diagnosis	p. 184
Surgical planning	p. 185
VR simulations	p. 187
Surgical simulation	p. 187
Simulating on patient-specific data	p. 189
Tissue modelling	p. 189
Image guidance	p. 190
Telesurgery	p. 191
Problems	p. 192
References	p. 192
Minimally Invasive Surgical Robotics	p. 195
Introduction to robotics	p. 195
Components of a robotic system	p. 196
Conceptual models of robots	p. 197
Robotic control	p. 197
Robotic actuators	p. 199
Robotic sensors	p. 199
Medical robotics	p. 200
Robotic endoscopes	p. 201
Gastrointestinal endoscopy	p. 202
Colonoscopy	p. 203
Laparoscopy	p. 204
Neurosurgery	p. 207
Eye surgery	p. 210
Orthopedic surgery	p. 211
Radiosurgery	p. 211
Ear surgery	p. 212
Robotics in telesurgery	p. 213
Safety	p. 216
Problems	p. 216
References	p. 217
Ablation	p. 219
Significance and present applications	p. 219
Radio-frequency ablation	p. 220
Background	p. 221
Mechanisms of RF energy-induced tissue injury	p. 221
Designs of RF ablation system	p. 223
Advantages and limitations	p. 226
Applications of radio-frequency ablation	p. 226
Research	p. 227
Laser ablation	p. 228
Background	p. 228
Laser-tissue interactions	p. 231
Advantages and limitations	p. 233
Applications	p. 234
Current research	p. 237
Ultrasound ablation	p. 237
High-intensity focused ultrasound: background	p. 238
Advantages and limitations	p. 239
Applications	p. 240
Research	p. 241
Cryoablation	p. 241
Background	p. 241
Mechanism of tissue damage	p. 242
Designs of cryoablation systems	p. 242
Advantages and limitations	p. 245
Applications of cryoablation	p. 246
Research	p. 247
Microwave ablation	p. 248
Background	p. 248
Designs	p. 249
Advantages and limitations	p. 250
Applications	p. 250
Research	p. 252
Chemical ablation	p. 252
Applications of chemical ablation	p. 253
Problems	p. 254
References	p. 254
Neuromuscular Stimulation	p. 257
Stimulating nerve	p. 257
Brain stimulation	p. 257
Diaphragm stimulation	p. 258
Bladder stimulation	p. 258
Cardiac pacemakers	p. 258
Lead	p. 258
Power source	p. 258
Sensing	p. 259
Control	p. 259
Pulse-generating unit	p. 259
Pacing synchrony	p. 259
Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators	p. 259
Problems	p. 260
References	p. 260
Helical Tomotherapy	p. 261
Introduction	p. 261
Processes	p. 263
Optimization	p. 265
Megavoltage computed tomography	p. 267
Registration in projection space	p. 269
Delivery modification	p. 270
Delivery verification	p. 272
Dose reconstruction	p. 273
Conclusions	p. 274
Problems	p. 274
References	p. 275
Drug Delivery	p. 278
Noninvasive drug delivery	p. 278
Respiratory delivery	p. 278
Transdermal delivery	p. 281
Oral controlled-release delivery	p. 291
Other noninvasive routes of administration	p. 294
Controlled-release drug delivery	p. 294
Controlled-release delivery	p. 295
Targeted-release delivery	p. 298
Controlled-dose delivery	p. 302
Implantable systems and micropumps	p. 302
Feedback systems	p. 303
Problems	p. 303
References	p. 304
Index	p. 306
Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved.

Minimally Invasive Medical Technology

At a Glance

Hardcover

Industry Reviews

Shipping

How to return your order

Defective items

You Can Find This Book In

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