Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry

1 Proton Transfer in Solution.- I. Introduction.- II. Experimental Findings.- 1. Anomalous Mobility of Ions of the Solvent Molecule in a One-Component Solvent.- 2. Effect of Structural Changes on Proton-Transfer Mobility.- III. Theories of Abnormal Conductance.- 1. Theories Reviewed by Conway.- 2. Recent Suggestions in the Theory of Abnormal Conductance.- 3. A Semiempirical Theory of the Average Size of Clusters in Water.- 4. The Quantum Mechanical Theory of Weidemann and Zundel.- 5. Theories Rejecting Proton Transfer.- IV. The Theory of the Contribution of Transfer Reactions to Transport Processes.- V. Concluding Comments.- References.- 2 NMR Studies of the Structure of Electrolyte Solutions.- I. Introduction.- II. General Principles.- 1. Shift Measurements.- 2. Linewidth and Relaxation Phenomena.- III. Studies on Solvents and Solvent Mixtures.- 1. Structure of Water.- 2. NMR Studies of Water.- 3. Interaction of Organic Molecules with Water.- IV. NMR Studies of Electrolyte Solutions.- 1. Aqueous Solutions.- 2. Nonaqueous Solutions.- 3. Mixed Solvents.- V. Concluding Remarks.- References.- 3 Solvent Dipoles at the Electrode-Solution Interface.- I. Introduction.- II. Experimental Information on Solvent Properties.- 1. Solvent Excess Entropy.- 2. Entropy of Formation of the Double Layer.- III. Models of Water in the Interface.- 1. The Two-State Water Model.- 2. The Three-State Water Model.- 3. Solvent Excess Entropy: Modelistic Approach.- 4. The Four-State Water Model.- IV. Influence of the Metal on the Solvent Properties.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Dependence of Some Electrochemical Properties on the Nature of the Substrate Metal.- V. Discussion and Conclusion.- References.- 4 Preparation and Characterization of Highly Dispersed Electrocatalytic Materials.- I. Introduction.- II. Electrocatalyst Supports.- 1. Carbon.- 2. Other Supports.- 3. Electrocatalyst-Support Interactions.- III. Preparation of Electrocatalysts.- 1. Impregnation.- 2. Ion-Exchange and Adsorption.- 3. Colloidal Electrocatalyst Particles.- 4. Adams' Method.- 5. Raney's Method.- 6. Thermal Decomposition.- 7. Freeze-Drying.- 8. Binary Alloy Catalysts.- IV. Characterization of Electrocatalysts.- 1. Adsorption Methods.- 2. X-Ray Analysis.- 3. Electron Microscopy.- 4. Reaction-Rate Measurements.- V. Summary.- References.- 5 Charge-Transfer Complexes in Electrochemistry.- I. Theoretical Introduction.- 1. Charge-Transfer Complexes.- 2. Donors, Acceptors, and Complexation.- 3. Weak Charge-Transfer Complexes.- 4. Strong Charge-Transfer Complexes.- II. Solid Charge-Transfer Complexes.- 1. Crystal Structures.- 2. Electrical and Magnetic Properties.- 3. Modes of Charge Transfer in the Solid State.- 4. Tetracyanoquinodimethan Salts.- III. Identification of Charge-Transfer Complexes.- 1. Spectroscopy.- 2. Conductimetric Titrations.- 3. Dielectric Properties.- 4. Other Electrical and Magnetic Methods.- IV. Biological Applications.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Charge-Transfer Interactions on Biological Membranes.- 3. Charge-Transfer Complexes and Drug Activity.- 4. Charge-Transfer Complexes in Biological Energy Transfer.- 5. Charge-Transfer Complexes and Carcinogenesis.- 6. Enzymatic Charge-Transfer Complex Reactions.- References.