Multi-Stage Flash Desalination

Introduction Water and Life Desalination of Seawater Need for Desalination Basic Principle of MSF Desalination Energy Consumption and Environmental Impacts Motivation and Aims of the Book Organization of the Book References Operation and Control of Multi-Stage Flash Desalination Plants MSF Desalination Process MSF Desalination Plant Control Systems State of the Art in MSF Desalination References Dynamic Model for an MSF Plant Literature Review Brine Heater Model Stage Model Interstage Flow Control Loops Conclusion Appendix: Important Correlations Nomenclature References Data Reconciliation and Model Validation with Experimental Data Data Reconciliation General Linear Static Data Reconciliation Problem Validation of the MSF Process Model Steady-State Simulation Results and Comparisons Dynamic Simulation and Model Verification Summary and Discussion Appendix: Steady-State Performance of the MSF Plant under Different Operating Conditions Reference Analysis of the Dynamic Model for Control Introduction Selection of Sensors, Valves, and Controlled and Manipulated Variables Model Linearization Linearized Model of an MSF Plant Control Structure Remarks References Optimal Reduction of the MSF Plant Model to First or Second Order with Delay Forms Model Reduction Methods Method of Approach for Reduction to First or Second Order Plus Dead-Time Forms The Case of an 18-Stage Multi-Stage Flash (MSF) Desalination Plant Model Application of the Present Method Discussion and Conclusion Appendix References Optimal PID Controller Tuning in Large MSF Plants for Seawater Desalination A Brief Review of the Existing PID Controller Tuning Methods Proposed Method Using the Unreduced Model Step Response along with Several Integral Performance Criteria Multiloop Optimization Nomenclature References An Adaptive Scheme with Optimally Tuned PID Controller Adaptive Tuning Techniques Parameter Scheduling Application of Artificial Neural Networks Appendix: An Introductory Note on Neural Networks References Conclusions and Discussion Conclusions Suggested Directions for Further Work Reference Programs SPEEDUP Package Subroutines in FORTRAN MATLAB(R) Programs Glossary Bibliography