Author's acknowledgements | p. x |
Publisher's acknowledgements | p. xi |
Chronology | p. xii |
Who's who | p. xvii |
Glossary | p. xx |
Background | p. 1 |
Introduction | p. 3 |
Perspectives | p. 6 |
Perspectives on modern Italian history | p. 6 |
Perspectives on the study of Italian Fascism | p. 9 |
Mussolini and Italian Fascism | p. 17 |
The Origins of Italian Fascism, 1870-1917 | p. 19 |
Liberal Italy and its discontents | p. 19 |
Interventionism | p. 25 |
The Great War and its aftermath | p. 29 |
Fascism as Movement, 1917-21 | p. 33 |
The birth of the Fascist movement | p. 33 |
The biennio rosso and fascism's reaction | p. 36 |
The Road to Dictatorship, 1921-6 | p. 42 |
The march on Rome: myth and reality | p. 42 |
The 'bivouac' that might have been: the Duce as prime minister, 1922-4 | p. 46 |
The Matteotti crisis | p. 51 |
Establishing the Regime | p. 53 |
The Fascist Regime 1926-36 | p. 56 |
The structure of the Fascist Regime | p. 56 |
Fascism and religion | p. 61 |
Making Italians Fascists? | p. 65 |
The Ethiopian War | p. 77 |
Mussolini and Hitler, 1936-8 | p. 85 |
The deal with Nazism | p. 85 |
The apotheosis of the dictatorship | p. 93 |
Munich: Mussolini's last peace | p. 98 |
The Second World war and the end of Fascism, 1938-45 | p. 102 |
Understanding Italy's performance in the Second World War | p. 102 |
The collapse of Fascism | p. 105 |
The death of a nation: Italy between 1943 and 1945 | p. 111 |
Conclusion | p. 121 |
The Place of Italian Fascism in European History | p. 123 |
Documents | p. 129 |
Patriotism in newly unified Italy | p. 130 |
Criticism of liberal Italy | p. 130 |
The Futurist Manifesto | p. 131 |
The proletarian nation | p. 132 |
The young Mussolini condemns Italy's war in Libya, 1 | p. 133 |
The young Mussolini condemns Italy's war in Libya, 2 | p. 133 |
Left-wing interventionism | p. 134 |
The defeat of Caporetto | p. 134 |
The Arditi | p. 135 |
The ideal soldier | p. 136 |
The Legend of the Piave | p. 136 |
Fascist squadism | p. 137 |
Early Fascist programmes | p. 138 |
The 1919 elections | p. 139 |
Landlords defend themselves | p. 139 |
Mussolini's first speech to parliament | p. 140 |
Giolitti supports Mussolini's first government | p. 141 |
Matteotti's speech to the Chamber of Deputies | p. 142 |
Mussolini's 'clarification' speech | p. 142 |
The Lateran Pacts | p. 143 |
The Fascist conception of the state | p. 144 |
Respect for state authority | p. 145 |
Achievements of Fascism | p. 145 |
The spirit of Fascism | p. 146 |
Fascist manhood | p. 147 |
Limited effects of Fascism | p. 147 |
The conquest of Ethiopia | p. 148 |
The expected role of women | p. 149 |
Terrorizing Addis Ababa, 1 | p. 149 |
Terrorizing Addis Ababa, 2 | p. 150 |
Nazism and Italian Fascism | p. 150 |
The Manifesto of Racial Scientists | p. 151 |
Hitler's view of Mussolini and Italy | p. 152 |
German success embitters Mussolini | p. 153 |
The Pact of Steel | p. 154 |
Italian lack of military preparedness | p. 154 |
Declaration of war | p. 155 |
The Grandi motion | p. 156 |
Death of the nation? | p. 156 |
Further Reading | p. 159 |
References | p. 170 |
Index | p. 177 |
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