Natural and Enhanced Remediation Systems : Geraghty & Miller Environmental Science and Engineering Series. - Suthan S. Suthersan

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Natural and Enhanced Remediation Systems

By: Suthan S. Suthersan

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Hardcover | 6 August 2001 | Edition Number 1

At a Glance

Hardcover
440 Pages

Dimensions(cm)
16.1 x 23.8 x 3.2

Hardcover

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Building on the success of bioremediation and phytoremediation technologies, Natural and Enhanced Remediation Systems explores remediation techniques that use the beneficial effects provided by Mother Nature. Written by a leader in the industry, the book provides state-of-the-art information on natural and enhanced remediation techniques such as monitored natural attenuation, in situ reactive zones, bio-augmentation, in situ chemical oxidation, phytoremediation, constructed wetlands, and engineered phyto-covers. It contrasts the new paradigms in remediation with the conventional remedies of the past two decades. It addresses theoretical and design aspects and includes case studies that illustrate implementation and performance details. The appendixes contain substantial information and data usually found scattered in many different books and research papers, making Natural and Enhanced Remediation Systems a comprehensive resource on cutting-edge remediation technologies.

Industry Reviews

"Dr. Suthersan's strategic acumen, creativity and technical expertise have enabled me to save many millions of dollars for my company through the application of Natural Remediation Systems if remediation stakeholders adopt the principles and systems described in this book, billions of dollars will be saved while cleanup risks will be more safely reduced and the ecologic and economic value of contaminated lands will be more effectively restored." -Timothy A. Bent, Director of Environmental Affairs, Bridgestone/Firestone, Inc. "Dr. Suthersan is the most innovative thinker active in the field of remediation technology research. But what is even more remarkable is his ability to translate his scientific findings into actual, practical, applications. His project strategies have proven impressive to regulators for their effectiveness and to clients for their substantial cost efficiency. This book captures some of this brilliance and should serve to broadcast this convergence of regulatory and business ideals to a wider cross-section of the environmental community." - James Vines, Partner, Baker Worthington Bearman & Caldwell Law Firm (Environmental Practice Area) "Dr. Suthan S. Suthersan has shared his wealth of experience of practical applications of innovative environmental remediation technologies as part of our corporate remediation strategic business planning process resulting in improved outcomes in achieving our environmental policy, risk management and business goals." - Mr. Richard Ramirez, Vice President/Head Corporate Remediation, Americas, Celanese AG, Charlotte, North Carolina

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Non-Fiction Science Biology, Life Sciences Life Sciences in General Ecological Science Engineering & Technology Civil Engineering Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning The Environment Environmental Management Reference, Information & Interdisciplinary Subjects Encyclopaedias & Reference Works

Reference Works Environmental Science Environmental Monitoring Pollution Control

Hazardous Wastes Pollution and Evolution of Remediation	p. 1
Introduction	p. 1
The Concept of Risk	p. 2
The Decision Making Framework	p. 3
Evolution of Understanding of Fate and Transport in Natural Systems	p. 4
Evolution of Remediation Technologies	p. 7
References	p. 11
Contaminant and Environmental Characteristics	p. 13
Introduction	p. 14
Contaminant Characteristics	p. 18
Physical/Chemical Properties	p. 18
Boiling Point	p. 18
Vapor Pressure	p. 18
Henry's Law Constant	p. 19
Octanol/Water Partition Coefficients	p. 20
Solubility in Water	p. 20
Hydrolysis	p. 22
Photolytic Reactions in Surface Water	p. 24
Biological Characteristics	p. 26
Cometabolism	p. 27
Kinetics of Biodegradation	p. 32
Environmental Characteristics	p. 38
Sorption Coefficient	p. 38
Soil Sorption Coefficients	p. 43
Factors Affecting Sorption Coefficients	p. 48
Oxidation-Reduction Capacities of Aquifer Solids	p. 51
pe and pH	p. 51
REDOX Poise	p. 52
REDOX Reactions	p. 53
References	p. 58
Monitored Natural Attenuation	p. 63
Introduction	p. 64
Definitions of Natural Attenuation	p. 64
Approaches for Evaluating Natural Attenuation	p. 65
Patterns vs. Protocols	p. 70
Protocols for Natural Attenuation	p. 70
Patterns of Natural Attenuation	p. 71
Various Patterns of Natural Attenuation	p. 72
Processes Affecting Natural Attenuation of Compounds	p. 79
Movement of Contaminants in the Subsurface	p. 79
Dilution (Recharge)	p. 79
Advection	p. 81
Dispersion	p. 83
Phase Transfers	p. 85
Sorption	p. 85
Stabilization	p. 88
Volatilization	p. 89
Transformation Mechanisms	p. 89
Biodegradation	p. 90
Monitoring and Sampling for Natural Attenuation	p. 109
Dissolved Oxygen (DO)	p. 113
Oxidation-Reduction (REDOX) Potential (ORP)	p. 117
pH	p. 119
Filtered vs. Unfiltered Samples for Metals	p. 120
Field Filtration and the Nature of Groundwater Particulates	p. 121
Reasons for Field Filtration	p. 122
Low-Flow Sampling as a Paradigm for Filtration	p. 124
A Comparison Study	p. 125
References	p. 126
In Situ Reactive Zones	p. 131
Introduction	p. 132
Engineered Anaerobic Systems	p. 135
Enhanced Reductive Dechlorination (ERD) Systems	p. 135
Early Evidence	p. 135
Biostimulation vs. Bioaugmentation	p. 136
Mechanisms of Reductive Dechlorination	p. 138
Microbiology of Reductive Dechlorination	p. 142
Cometabolic Dechlorination	p. 142
Dechlorination by Halorespiring Microorganisms	p. 144
Electron Donors	p. 147
Production of H[subscript 2] by Fermentation	p. 149
Competition for H[subscript 2]	p. 152
Mixture of Compounds on Kinetics	p. 155
Temperature Effects	p. 158
Anaerobic Oxidation	p. 158
Electron Acceptors and Nutrients	p. 158
Field Implementation of IRZ for Enhanced Reductive Dechlorination	p. 160
Lessons Learned	p. 163
Derivation of a Completely Mixed System for Groundwater Solute Transport of Chlorinated Ethenes	p. 170
IRZ Performance Data	p. 177
In Situ Metals Precipitation	p. 183
Principles of Heavy Metals Precipitation	p. 187
Aquifer Parameters and Transport Mechanisms	p. 195
Contaminant Removal Mechanisms	p. 196
In Situ Denitrification	p. 197
Perchlorate Reduction	p. 199
Engineered Aerobic Systems	p. 200
Direct Aerobic Oxidation	p. 200
Aerobic Cometabolic Oxidation	p. 202
MTBE Degradation	p. 204
In Situ Chemical Oxidation Systems	p. 205
Advantages	p. 206
Concerns	p. 207
Oxidation Chemistry	p. 208
Hydrogen Peroxide	p. 211
Potassium Permanganate	p. 213
Ozone	p. 216
Application	p. 218
Oxidation of 1,4-Dioxane by Ozone	p. 222
Biodegradation Enhanced by Chemical Oxidation Pretreatment	p. 223
Nano-Scale Fe (0) Colloid Injection within an IRZ	p. 223
Production of Nano-Scale Iron Particles	p. 228
Injection of Nano-Scale Particles in Permeable Sediments	p. 231
Organic Contaminants Treatable by Fe (0)	p. 231
References	p. 233
Phytoremediation	p. 239
Introduction	p. 240
Chemicals in the Soil-Plant System	p. 241
Metals	p. 241
Organics	p. 242
Types of Phytoremediation	p. 244
Phytoaccumulation	p. 245
Phytodegradation	p. 248
Phytostabilization	p. 250
Phytovolatilization	p. 251
Rhizodegradation	p. 252
Rhizofiltration	p. 256
Phytoremediation for Groundwater Containment	p. 259
Phytoremediation of Dredged Sediments	p. 260
Phytoremediation Design	p. 261
Contaminant Levels	p. 265
Plant Selection	p. 265
Treatability	p. 266
Irrigation, Agronomic Inputs, and Maintenance	p. 266
Groundwater Capture Zone and Transpiration Rate	p. 267
References	p. 267
Constructed Treatment Wetlands	p. 269
Introduction	p. 270
Beyond Municipal Wastewater	p. 272
Looking Inside the "Black Box"	p. 273
Potential "Attractive Nuisances"	p. 274
Regulatory Uncertainty and Barriers	p. 275
Types of Constructed Wetlands	p. 276
Horizontal Flow Systems	p. 276
Vertical Flow Systems	p. 277
Microbial and Plant Communities of a Wetland	p. 278
Bacteria and Fungi	p. 278
Algae	p. 279
Species of Vegetation for Treatment Wetland Systems	p. 279
Free-Floating Macrophyte-Based Systems	p. 282
Emergent Aquatic Macrophyte-Based Systems	p. 284
Emergent Macrophyte-Based Systems with Horizontal Subsurface Flow	p. 285
Emergent Macrophyte-Based Systems with Vertical Subsurface Flow	p. 285
Submerged Macrophyte-Based Systems	p. 285
Multistage Macrophyte-Based Treatment Systems	p. 287
Treatment-Wetland Soils	p. 287
Cation Exchange Capacity	p. 289
Oxidation and Reduction Reactions	p. 290
pH	p. 292
Biological Influences on Hydric Soils	p. 292
Microbial Soil Processes	p. 292
Treatment Wetland Soils	p. 293
Contaminant Removal Mechanisms	p. 294
Volatilization	p. 294
Partitioning and Storage	p. 295
Hydraulic Retention Time	p. 297
Treatment Wetlands for Groundwater Remediation	p. 299
Metals-Laden Water Treatment	p. 300
A Case Study for Metals Removal	p. 302
Removal of Toxic Organics	p. 306
Biodegradation	p. 306
Removal of Inorganics	p. 309
Wetland Morphology, Hydrology, and Landscape Position	p. 309
References	p. 310
Engineered Vegetative Landfill Covers	p. 313
Historical Perspective on Landfill Practices	p. 314
The Role of Caps in the Containment of Wastes	p. 315
Conventional Landfill Covers	p. 316
Landfill Dynamics	p. 317
Alternative Landfill Cover Technology	p. 321
Phyto-Cover Technology	p. 321
Benefits of Phyto-Covers over Traditional RCRA Caps	p. 326
Enhancing In Situ Biodegradation	p. 326
Gas Permeability	p. 327
Ecological and Aesthetic Advantages	p. 327
Maintenance, Economic, and Public Safety Advantages	p. 329
Phyto-Cover Design	p. 329
Vegetative Cover Soils	p. 330
Nonsoil Amendment	p. 331
Plants and Trees	p. 331
Cover System Performance	p. 332
Hydrologic Water Balance	p. 332
Precipitation	p. 335
Runoff	p. 335
Potential Evapotranspiration--Measured Data	p. 337
Potential Evapotranspiration--Empirical Data	p. 339
Effective Evapotranspiration	p. 340
Water Balance Model	p. 343
Example Application	p. 344
Summary of Phyto-Cover Water Balance	p. 347
General Phyto-Cover Maintenance Activities	p. 348
Site Inspections	p. 348
Soil Moisture Monitoring	p. 349
Drainage Measurement	p. 350
General Irrigation Guidelines	p. 352
Tree Evaluation	p. 356
Stem	p. 356
Leaves	p. 356
Agronomic Chemistry Sampling	p. 357
Safety and Preventative Maintenance	p. 359
Repairs and Maintenance	p. 359
Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Schedule	p. 359
Year 1--Establishment	p. 360
Years 2 and 3--Active Maintenance	p. 360
Year 4--Passive Maintenance	p. 361
Specific Operational Issues	p. 362
Irrigation System Requirements	p. 362
Tree Replacement	p. 362
References	p. 362
Physical Properties of Some Common Environmental Contaminants	p. 365
Useful Information for Biogeochemical Sampling	p. 383
Common and Scientific Names of Various Plants	p. 405
Index	p. 409
Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved.

Natural and Enhanced Remediation Systems

At a Glance

Hardcover

Industry Reviews

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How to return your order

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