Introduction | p. 1 |
Comorbidities of Neurobehavioral Disorders of Childhood | p. 9 |
ADD/ADHD | p. 9 |
Learning Disabilities | p. 10 |
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) | p. 10 |
Tourette's Syndrome | p. 10 |
Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD) | p. 10 |
Autism/Asperger's Syndrome | p. 11 |
The Dopamine Connection | p. 13 |
Evolution of the Human Brain | p. 15 |
Evolutionary Perspectives | p. 15 |
The Mechanics of Walking | p. 18 |
Changes to the Vestibular System in Upright Posture | p. 20 |
Bipedalism and the Growth of the Human Brain | p. 21 |
Basic Structure of the Brain | p. 21 |
Neuron Theory | p. 23 |
Plasticity | p. 25 |
Evolutionary Growth of the Human Brain | p. 28 |
Why the Brain Works the Way it Does: Evolution and Cognition from Movement | p. 33 |
The Evolution of Cognition from Movement | p. 39 |
The Cerebellum and Basal Ganglia | p. 47 |
Anatomy and Function of the Cerebellum in the Context of Neurobehavioral Disorders of Childhood | p. 47 |
Structure of the Cerebellum | p. 47 |
Functions of the Cerebellum | p. 50 |
The Cerebellum and Motor Learning | p. 56 |
Non-Motor Functions of the Cerebellum: Evolutionary Implications for Cognitive Function | p. 58 |
The Cerebellum's Role in Information Processing | p. 59 |
The Basal Ganglia | p. 69 |
Direct and Indirect Pathways | p. 72 |
The Dopamine System | p. 75 |
The Thalamus | p. 81 |
Anatomy and Function | p. 81 |
Closed vs. Open Systems and the Thalamus: The Binding Problem | p. 84 |
Subcortical Neurotransmitter Systems Facilitating Interregional Communication | p. 88 |
The Limbic System and the Evolution of the Cerebral Cortex | p. 93 |
Anatomy and Function of the Limbic System | p. 93 |
The Anatomy of the Amygdaloid Nucleus (Amygdala) | p. 95 |
Functions of the Amygdala | p. 97 |
Anatomy and Function of the Septal Nuclei | p. 98 |
Anatomy and Function of the Mammillary Bodies | p. 99 |
Anatomy of the Hippocampus | p. 100 |
Functions of the Hippocampus | p. 101 |
The Hypothalamus | p. 103 |
The Cerebral Cortex | p. 105 |
Cerebral Cortex: Function and Development | p. 105 |
Frontal Lobes | p. 108 |
The Parietal Lobes | p. 109 |
The Occipital Lobes | p. 109 |
The Temporal Lobes | p. 110 |
The Prefrontal Cortex | p. 110 |
Brain Asymmetry | p. 114 |
Evolution and Development of Cerebral Lateralization: A Focus on the Adaptation for Movement | p. 116 |
Behavior | p. 119 |
Non-Human Primates | p. 120 |
Ontogeny of Human Lateralization | p. 121 |
Motor Asymmetries | p. 127 |
Cerebellar Components of Speech and Language Asymmetries | p. 132 |
Handedness and Abilities | p. 132 |
Visual Processing | p. 133 |
Auditory Processing | p. 137 |
Face Processing | p. 139 |
Autonomic Asymmetry | p. 142 |
Neurotransmitters and Neuroendocrine Function | p. 147 |
Serotonin | p. 148 |
Dopamine | p. 149 |
Neuroendocrine System | p. 149 |
Asymmetry and Emotions | p. 152 |
Attentional Asymmetries | p. 164 |
Tactile Inattention | p. 165 |
Arousal | p. 166 |
Learning | p. 167 |
The Functions of the Cortico-Cortico Fibers | p. 169 |
Direct Transfer | p. 174 |
Third Party Convergence | p. 174 |
Nonconvergent Temporal Integration | p. 174 |
Signs and Symptoms of Neurobehavioral Disorders of Childhood | p. 177 |
Balance is Essential | p. 183 |
Tactile, Visual, and Auditory Symptoms | p. 190 |
Tactile | p. 190 |
Emotionally Significant | p. 193 |
Vision and Hearing | p. 195 |
Motor Symptoms | p. 204 |
Cognitive Disabilities | p. 215 |
Language | p. 220 |
Memory | p. 224 |
Emotional and Affective Symptoms | p. 225 |
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder | p. 231 |
Cortical-Subcortical Circuits and Affective Disorders | p. 233 |
Fear, Anger, and Violent Behavior | p. 234 |
Overlap of Symptoms | p. 237 |
Causation from an Evolutionary Perspective | p. 243 |
Voluntary Reduction in Physical Activity | p. 245 |
Neuromuscular Adaptations to Inactivity | p. 249 |
Neurological Adaptations | p. 251 |
Sedentary Activity and the Stress Response | p. 252 |
Gravity and it Effects on the Brain and Performance | p. 253 |
Gravity, Posture, Oxygen, and Performance | p. 254 |
Plasticity and Activity Dependence | p. 257 |
Involuntary Lack of Physical Activity | p. 261 |
Injury and Illness | p. 264 |
Prenatal Injury or Illness | p. 264 |
Prenatal Stress | p. 267 |
The Birthing Process | p. 268 |
The Neck and Movement in Relation to Brain Development | p. 270 |
Infection and Immunity | p. 273 |
Parental Physical and Environmental Influences | p. 275 |
Genetics and Neurotransmitters | p. 279 |
Catecholamine Theory | p. 283 |
Autonomic, Hormonal, and Immune System Involvement | p. 285 |
Nutrition and Autistic Spectrum Disorders in an Evolutionary Context | p. 291 |
Therapeutic Theory and Strategy | p. 305 |
Treatment Rationale | p. 305 |
Behavioral Intervention Strategies | p. 305 |
Sensory-Motor Intervention Strategies | p. 318 |
Integrated Sensory-Motor Intervention Strategies | p. 329 |
Theories of Physical-Mechanical Interventions | p. 332 |
Metabolic-Physiological Intervention Strategies | p. 339 |
Psychopharmacology | p. 348 |
References | p. 367 |
Index | p. 441 |
Table of Contents provided by Rittenhouse. All Rights Reserved. |