Nuclear Chemistry

Name: Nuclear Chemistry
Brand: Taylor & Francis Inc
Price: 340.9 AUD
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Detection and Analysis of Radiation

By: Madhuri Sharon, Maheshwar Sharon

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Hardcover | 25 September 2009 | Edition Number 1

At a Glance

Hardcover
230 Pages

Dimensions(cm)
24.7 x 16.5 x 1.8

Hardcover

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Concentrating on techniques for the detection and measurement of radioactivity, this book offers a guide to selecting the type of counter, type of source sample, duration for which the counting must be made, and the radiation emitted by the isotope for its efficient detection. It introduces a novel concept to explain not only the decay processes but also the selection of counting procedures for detecting and measuring radioactivity. The author builds up the foundation from the nature of the interaction of radiation with matter. He also highlights the differences between an ordinary chemical laboratory and a radiochemical one.

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Non-Fiction Science Chemistry Physical Chemistry Physics Particle & High-Energy Physics Nuclear Physics Atomic & Molecular Physics Biology, Life Sciences Life Sciences in General

Radioactivity	p. 1
Introduction	p. 1
Atom	p. 2
Radioactivity	p. 6
Decay Scheme	p. 16
Rate of Decay	p. 17
Summary	p. 23
Nuclear Reaction	p. 24
Introduction	p. 24
Reactions Initiated by Charged Particles	p. 24
Reactions Initiated by Uncharged Particles	p. 25
Conservation of Mass and Energy	p. 28
Reaction Cross-section	p. 28
Some Features of Nuclear Reactions	p. 31
Application of Nuclear Reactions	p. 32
Summary	p. 33
Interaction of Radiation with Matter	p. 34
Introduction	p. 34
Types of Interactions	p. 35
Interactions with Particulate Radiation	p. 35
Interaction with Electromagnetic Radiation	p. 36
Consequences of Interactions	p. 39
Types of counters	p. 39
Summary	p. 40
Ionization Counters	p. 41
Introduction	p. 41
Ionization Counter	p. 42
General Design of an Ionization Chamber	p. 42
Nature of Gas to be Used in Ionization Chamber	p. 47
Regions Suitable for Counting Purposes	p. 47
Nature of Pulses Produced in Ionization Chamber	p. 49
Ionization Counters	p. 53
Proportional Counter	p. 54
Geiger-Müller Counter (G. M. Counter)	p. 64
Liquid Geiger-Müller Counter	p. 66
Current-voltage Characteristics of the G. M. Counter	p. 72
Dead-time of Geiger-Müller Counter	p. 74
Chemically Quenched G. M. Counter	p. 80
Window Thickness	p. 82
Limitations of Ionization Counters	p. 83
Summary	p. 83
Scintillation Counter	p. 84
Introduction	p. 84
Scintillation Counter	p. 85
Principle of Scintillation Counter	p. 85
Components of a Scintillation Counter	p. 86
Design of Photomultiplier Tube	p. 87
Scintillator	p. 88
Precautions Liquid Scintillation	p. 92
Gel Scintillators	p. 94
Filter Paper Soaked with Scintillator	p. 95
Parameters Controlling the Scintillation Counter	p. 95
Optimum Conditions for Counting	p. 97
ß-counting	p. 100
Quenching Corrections	p. 102
Effect of Multiple Type Radiations on Counting	p. 108
Summary	p. 110
Non-conventional Detection Techniques	p. 111
Introduction	p. 111
Semiconductor Detector	p. 111
Principle of Semiconductor Detectors	p. 112
Formation of p:n Junction	p. 115
Effect of Radiation on the p:n Junction	p. 118
Silicon and Germanium Lithium Drifted Detectors	p. 121
Nuclear Emulsion Techniques	p. 121
Solid State Track Detector	p. 126
Low Level Counting	p. 127
Summary	p. 130
Sample Preparation for Counting	p. 131
Sample Preparation Techniques	p. 131
Solid Sample Source	p. 134
Summary	p. 138
Factors Affecting the Counting Efficiency	p. 139
Introduction	p. 139
Geometrical Efficiency	p. 140
Decay Scheme	p. 146
Summary	p. 150
Identification of Radioactive Isotopes	p. 151
Introduction	p. 151
Counter Selection	p. 152
Energy Determination	p. 152
ß-spectrometry	p. 152
Determination of E_max	p. 157
Determination of Energy of -Particles or -rays	p. 158
Photographic Emulsion Technique	p. 158
Half-thickness	p. 159
Half-life Determination	p. 159
Summary	p. 163
References	p. 163
Statistics of Counting	p. 164
Introduction	p. 164
Statistical Error in Counting	p. 165
Gaussian Distribution Curve	p. 167
Sums and Differences of Counts	p. 170
Multiplication or Division to Recorded Count	p. 171
Summary	p. 173
Health Hazards and Protection	p. 174
Introduction	p. 174
Biological Effect of Radiation	p. 175
External Exposure	p. 176
Internal Absorption	p. 177
Units of Radiation Dose	p. 179
Protection from External Hazard	p. 184
Instruments for Detection and Measurement of Radiation	p. 185
Design of a Radioactive Tracer Suit	p. 186
Decontamination of Apparatus	p. 188
Discipline in the Radioactive Laboratory	p. 191
Summary	p. 192
Radiochemical Separation Techniques	p. 193
Introduction	p. 193
Separation and Purification Techniques	p. 194
Co-precipitation	p. 194
Solvent Extraction	p. 196
Electrochemical Methods	p. 197
Volatilization and Distillation	p. 198
Chromatography	p. 198
Activation Analysis	p. 204
Summary	p. 208
Hot Atom-nuclear Reaction	p. 209
Introduction	p. 209
Szilard-Chalmers Reactions	p. 210
Application of Szilard-Chalmers Reactions	p. 213
Summary	p. 214
Problems	p. 215
References	p. 224
Index	p. 227
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

Nuclear Chemistry

Detection and Analysis of Radiation

At a Glance

Hardcover

Shipping

How to return your order

Defective items

You Can Find This Book In

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