Series Introduction | p. iii |
Preface | p. v |
Contributors | p. xiii |
Overview of the Obesity Epidemic and Its Relationship to Cardiovascular Disease | p. 1 |
Prevalence and Overall Health Impact of Overweight and Obesity | p. 1 |
Methodologic Issues in Epidemiologic Studies of Obesity and Health Outcomes | p. 5 |
Obesity and CVD | p. 9 |
Obesity and Disorders that Are Associated with an Elevated Risk of CVD | p. 17 |
Conclusion | p. 23 |
References | p. 24 |
Obesity and Hypertension | p. 33 |
Introduction | p. 33 |
Cardiovascular Dysfunction | p. 34 |
Renal Structural and Hemodynamic Changes | p. 35 |
RAAS Activation | p. 35 |
Natriuretic Peptide System Effects | p. 36 |
Effects of Biochemical and Hormonal Mediators | p. 36 |
Nervous System Changes | p. 39 |
Treatment of Obesity Hypertension | p. 40 |
Summary | p. 42 |
References | p. 43 |
Insulin Resistance, Obesity, Body Fat Distribution, and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease | p. 51 |
Introduction | p. 51 |
Obesity/Fat Distribution/Inflammatory Markers | p. 52 |
Obesity and Insulin Resistance | p. 54 |
Metabolic Syndrome | p. 57 |
CVD in Relation to Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Inflammatory Markers | p. 59 |
CAD | p. 59 |
Treatment Options for Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and CVD as Associated to Obesity and Inflammation | p. 60 |
Conclusion | p. 63 |
References | p. 64 |
Obesity, Lipids, and Cardiovascular Disease | p. 75 |
Introduction | p. 75 |
Lipoproteins | p. 76 |
Relationship of Dyslipidemia and Obesity | p. 76 |
Insulin Resistance | p. 79 |
The Lipids | p. 80 |
LDL | p. 81 |
HDL | p. 82 |
Weight Loss and Effect on Lipids | p. 82 |
Treatment | p. 84 |
Conclusion | p. 88 |
References | p. 88 |
Vascular Dysfunction and Obesity | p. 93 |
Introduction: Obesity and CV Risk | p. 93 |
OB/IR and Endothelial Dysfunction | p. 95 |
Determinants of Vascular Function | p. 99 |
Summary | p. 106 |
References | p. 107 |
Obesity and Inflammatory and Thrombotic Factors | p. 121 |
Introduction | p. 121 |
Adipokines: Inflammation and Role of White Adipose Tissue | p. 122 |
Coagulation and Abnormal Fibrinolysis in Obesity | p. 128 |
Conclusion | p. 133 |
References | p. 134 |
Obstructive Sleep Apnea | p. 143 |
Introduction | p. 143 |
OSA and Obesity | p. 148 |
OSA and Cardiovascular/Metabolic Dysfunction | p. 152 |
OSA and Cardiovascular/Metabolic Disease | p. 159 |
Summary | p. 167 |
References | p. 167 |
Molecular Genetics of Obesity and Cardiovascular Diseases | p. 777 |
Introduction | p. 177 |
Lines of Evidence | p. 178 |
Genetic Epidemiology of Obesity and CVD | p. 181 |
Genome Scan Results for Obesity and CVD | p. 182 |
Results of Association Studies for Obesity and CVD | p. 184 |
KO and Tg Rodent Models | p. 198 |
Shared Loci Between Obesity and CVD | p. 199 |
Summary | p. 205 |
References | p. 206 |
Risk Assessment and Treatment Standards of Obesity and Overweight in Relation to Cardiovascular Disease | p. 225 |
Introduction | p. 225 |
Obesity Assessment and Risk of CVD | p. 226 |
Epidemiology of CVD in Obesity | p. 232 |
Treatment of Obesity to Lower Cardiovascular Risk | p. 237 |
Conclusion | p. 244 |
References | p. 245 |
The Roles of Dietary Fats in Reducing Weight and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Overweight and Obese Individuals | p. 257 |
Introduction | p. 257 |
Types of Dietary Fats | p. 257 |
Low-Fat vs. Moderate-Fat Diets and Weight Loss | p. 260 |
Cardiovascular Effects of Low-Fat and Higher-Fat Diets | p. 262 |
Low-Carbohydrate, High-Fat Diets | p. 263 |
Dietary Patterns | p. 267 |
Current Research | p. 269 |
Conclusions | p. 274 |
References | p. 275 |
Dietary Intervention and Monitoring of Obese Patients with Cardiovascular Disease | p. 281 |
Introduction | p. 281 |
National Cholesterol Education Project | p. 282 |
Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Diet | p. 284 |
Glycemic Index | p. 286 |
Plant-Based Diets: Vegetarian and Dr. Dean Ornish | p. 288 |
Post-Gastric Bypass Diet | p. 290 |
Very Low-Calorie Diets | p. 292 |
Conclusion | p. 297 |
References | p. 297 |
Lifestyle Modification in the Obese Patient with Cardiovascular Disease | p. 301 |
Introduction | p. 301 |
Evidence that Lifestyle Modification Can Produce Important Health Benefits | p. 301 |
Evidence that Lifestyle Changes Can Produce Long-Term Maintenance of Weight Loss: The NWCR | p. 303 |
Description of Behavioral Treatment Program for Obesity | p. 305 |
Strategies to Help Participants Change Their Eating Behaviors | p. 310 |
Strategies to Help Participants Change Their Physical Activity | p. 313 |
Complicating Factors in the Treatment of Obesity in Patients with-CVD | p. 316 |
Conclusions | p. 318 |
References | p. 318 |
Use of Antiobesity Medications in Overweight Patients with Cardiovascular Disease: Implications of Drug Selection and Patient Monitoring | p. 323 |
Introduction and Guidelines | p. 323 |
Classifications | p. 324 |
Combination Therapy with Sibutramine and Orlistat | p. 338 |
A Comparison Study of Orlistat and Sibutramine | p. 338 |
Comparisons Among the Three FDA-Approved Antiobesity Agents-Sibutramine, Orlistat, and Phentermine | p. 339 |
Comments and Conclusions | p. 339 |
References | p. 341 |
Bariatric Surgery and Reduction of Cardiovascular Risk Factors | p. 347 |
Introduction | p. 347 |
Indications for Bariatric Surgery | p. 348 |
Bariatric Surgical Procedures | p. 350 |
Postoperative Care and Complications | p. 354 |
Outcomes and Cardiovascular Risk Reduction | p. 357 |
Summary and Conclusions | p. 360 |
References | p. 361 |
Management of Perioperative Cardiac Risk in the Bariatric Patient | p. 365 |
Introduction | p. 365 |
Risk Assessment | p. 366 |
Preoperative Testing | p. 368 |
Patients with Pre-existing Conditions | p. 371 |
Anesthetic Considerations | p. 376 |
Postoperative Care | p. 377 |
References | p. 377 |
Obesity and Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease | p. 381 |
Introduction | p. 381 |
Epidemiology | p. 382 |
Obesity, CVD Risk Factors, and the Metabolic Syndrome | p. 387 |
Body Fat Distribution | p. 390 |
Biology of Obesity, Body Fat Distribution, and Atherosclerotic Disease | p. 391 |
Influence of Obesity on Prognosis Among Patients with CHD | p. 394 |
Effects of Weight Loss | p. 395 |
Conclusions | p. 396 |
References | p. 397 |
Heart Failure and Obesity: The Risk of Development and the Treatment of Heart Failure in Obese Patients | p. 403 |
Epidemiology | p. 403 |
Mechanisms of Disease Development | p. 404 |
Basic Mechanisms Linking Obesity and Heart Failure | p. 408 |
Heart Failure in Obesity: A Difficult Diagnosis | p. 412 |
Transplant Considerations | p. 420 |
Summary | p. 421 |
References | p. 422 |
Acknowledging and Reversing the Toxic Environment | p. 429 |
Acknowledging the Toxic Environment | p. 429 |
Reversing the Toxic Environment | p. 434 |
Signs of Changing Times | p. 442 |
Conclusion | p. 443 |
References | p. 443 |
Index | p. 447 |
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