Abstract | p. v |
List of Abbreviations | p. vii |
List of Symbols | p. ix |
Contents | p. xiii |
Introduction | p. 1 |
Wireless Power Transmission | p. 1 |
Types of Wireless Power Transmission | p. 2 |
Radiative | p. 2 |
Conductive | p. 3 |
Capacitive | p. 4 |
Inductive | p. 5 |
A Biomedical Perspective | p. 6 |
Instrumentated Implants | p. 6 |
Transcutaneous Powering | p. 7 |
Inductive Links | p. 9 |
Powering System | p. 9 |
Data Communication | p. 10 |
Conclusions | p. 11 |
What to Expect | p. 12 |
Magnetic Induction | p. 13 |
Maxwell's Equations | p. 13 |
Time-Domain, Integral Form | p. 13 |
Time-Harmonic, Differential Form | p. 14 |
Constitutive Relations and Ohm's Law | p. 14 |
Magnetic and Electric Potential | p. 15 |
Current and Flux | p. 16 |
Conductive Wire | p. 17 |
Inductance | p. 18 |
Inductor Models | p. 21 |
Finite Element Modelling | p. 24 |
Axisymmetric Geometries | p. 25 |
2-D Wire Models | p. 32 |
3-D Models | p. 33 |
Mutual Inductance | p. 36 |
Conclusions | p. 36 |
Inductive Link Design | p. 39 |
Link Equations | p. 39 |
Important Quantities | p. 39 |
Equivalent Two-Port Representations | p. 42 |
Secondary Resonance | p. 43 |
Transmitted Power | p. 45 |
Link Efficiency | p. 46 |
Link Gain and Critical Coupling | p. 48 |
Parallel vs. Series Resonance | p. 50 |
Summary | p. 53 |
Loose-Coupling Approximation | p. 53 |
Tertiary Circuits | p. 55 |
Conductive Objects | p. 56 |
Coupled Resonators | p. 61 |
Link Optimisation | p. 65 |
Operating Frequency: ¿ | p. 65 |
Magnetic Design: M0 | p. 66 |
Winding Losses: R10 and R20 | p. 68 |
Secondary Coil Optimisation: N2 | p. 71 |
Secondary Coil and Capacitance Tapping | p. 75 |
Advanced Gain Stabilisation | p. 77 |
Misconceptions About k and Q | p. 78 |
Conclusions | p. 80 |
Power Converters and Voltage Regulators | p. 83 |
Rectifiers | p. 83 |
Diodes | p. 84 |
Peak Rectifiers | p. 85 |
Class D Rectifiers | p. 88 |
Class E Rectifiers | p. 91 |
To Conclude | p. 91 |
Inverters | p. 92 |
Semiconductor Switches | p. 93 |
Saturating Class C Inverter | p. 94 |
Class D Inverters | p. 96 |
Class E Inverters | p. 97 |
Alternative Load Networks | p. 102 |
Design of an Inductive Link Driver | p. 104 |
Voltage Regulators | p. 112 |
Linear Regulators | p. 113 |
Switching Regulators | p. 115 |
Conclusions | p. 116 |
Omnidirectional Coupling | p. 119 |
Problem Definition | p. 119 |
Multiple Primary Coils | p. 120 |
System Concept | p. 120 |
Worst-Coupling Map | p. 121 |
Capsule Endoscope with One Secondary Coil | p. 123 |
Multiple Secondary Coils | p. 127 |
Power-Combining Rectifiers | p. 127 |
Worst-Case Conditions | p. 129 |
Capsule Endoscope with Three Secondary Coils | p. 134 |
Conclusions | p. 137 |
Biological Tissue Interaction | p. 139 |
Electromagnetic Fields in Biological Tissue | p. 139 |
Near Field | p. 139 |
Far Field | p. 142 |
Health Effects of Electromagnetic Fields | p. 143 |
Directly Observable Effects | p. 143 |
Other Biological Effects | p. 145 |
Exposure Limits and Regulations | p. 145 |
Examples from Biomedical Engineering Practice | p. 148 |
Conclusions | p. 150 |
An Inductive Power Link for a Capsule Endoscope | p. 151 |
Wireless Endoscopy | p. 151 |
Design: Choices and Motivation | p. 152 |
Specifications | p. 152 |
Operating Frequency | p. 152 |
Coil Configuration | p. 153 |
Voltage Regulator and Rectifier | p. 153 |
Power Optimisation | p. 154 |
Verification | p. 155 |
Fabrication | p. 156 |
Measurement | p. 160 |
Biological Tissue Interaction | p. 163 |
ICNIRP Compliance | p. 165 |
Link Efficiency | p. 169 |
Class E Tuning | p. 170 |
Secondary Resonance Tuning | p. 172 |
Conclusions | p. 172 |
A Class E Driver for Deformable Coils | p. 175 |
Class E ZVS Inverter with Transductor | p. 175 |
Control Loop | p. 179 |
Measurement Results | p. 183 |
Deforming the Primary Coil | p. 184 |
Varying the Frequency | p. 186 |
Conclusions | p. 187 |
Conclusions | p. 191 |
Comprehensive Summary | p. 191 |
Main Contributions and Achievements | p. 193 |
Further Research | p. 194 |
Appendix: Coil Measurements | p. 197 |
Single Coil Characterisation | p. 197 |
General Considerations | p. 197 |
One-Port S11 Measurement | p. 199 |
Two-Port Q' Measurement | p. 200 |
Impedance Analysers and LCR Meters | p. 203 |
Coupling Characterisation | p. 204 |
References | p. 211 |
Index | p. 219 |
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