List of Figures | p. xi |
List of Tables | p. xii |
Checklists | p. xiii |
General Editors' Preface | p. xiv |
Acknowledgements | p. xvi |
Introduction | p. 1 |
Key Concepts and Issues | |
Historical Background | p. 7 |
The emergence of computer-mediated communication for language learning and teaching | p. 7 |
The road travelled: a broad view | p. 10 |
What the meta-literature reveals about practice and research | p. 12 |
Practitioner studies as a reflection of practices of use | p. 13 |
A new content area emerges | p. 16 |
The quality of CMCL research | p. 16 |
Summary | p. 18 |
Learning Theories | p. 19 |
Theoretical framework 1: the cognitive SLA model | p. 19 |
Theoretical framework 2: sociocultural theory | p. 23 |
Summary | p. 29 |
Mediation, Multimodality and Multiliteracies | p. 31 |
What is mediation? | p. 31 |
Affordances, modes and the computer medium | p. 34 |
New literacies | p. 43 |
Summary | p. 47 |
Lines of Enquiry into CMCL | p. 49 |
Issues in comparative research | p. 49 |
Discourse and conversation analysis | p. 51 |
The ecology of online learning, interculturalism and identity research | p. 57 |
Summary | p. 59 |
Teaching Online | p. 61 |
Teachers' roles and skills | p. 61 |
Teaching online through collaboration, task-based and problem-based learning | p. 64 |
The teacher as reflective practitioner | p. 73 |
Summary | p. 74 |
Learner Experience | p. 76 |
Learner participation | p. 77 |
Anxiety | p. 79 |
Motivation, learner control and autonomy | p. 82 |
Presence and identity | p. 85 |
Summary | p. 87 |
Assessment of CMCL | p. 88 |
Different understandings of 'online assessment' | p. 89 |
Designing assignments for CMCL | p. 98 |
The student's experience of CMC assessment | p. 99 |
Summary and future research needs | p. 100 |
Research and Practice | |
Asynchronous Fora | p. 107 |
Introduction | p. 107 |
Savignon and Roithmeier 2004 | p. 108 |
Weasenforth, Biesenbach-Lucas and Meloni 2002 | p. 110 |
Conclusion | p. 112 |
Synchronous Chat | p. 115 |
Introduction | p. 115 |
Blake 2000 | p. 116 |
Thorne 2003 | p. 118 |
Conclusion | p. 121 |
Multiple Object-oriented Environments | p. 123 |
Introduction | p. 123 |
Kotter 2003 | p. 124 |
Schneider and von der Emde 2005 | p. 127 |
Conclusion | p. 130 |
Audiographic Environments and Virtual Worlds | p. 131 |
Introduction | p. 131 |
Erben 1999 | p. 131 |
Svensson 2003 | p. 134 |
Conclusion | p. 136 |
Videoconferencing | p. 138 |
Introduction | p. 138 |
Goodfellow, Jefferys, Miles and Shirra 1996 | p. 139 |
O'Dowd 2006a and 2006b | p. 142 |
Conclusion | p. 144 |
Emerging Technologies | p. 146 |
Blogs | p. 146 |
Wikis | p. 148 |
Mobile devices | p. 150 |
Conclusion | p. 153 |
Practitioner Research | |
An Overview of Practitioner Research | p. 157 |
What is practitioner research? | p. 157 |
The three essential steps of all practitioner research | p. 159 |
Overview of methods and instruments | p. 166 |
Summary | p. 170 |
A Practical Guide to CMCL Practitioner Research | p. 172 |
You and your participants' technical competence | p. 173 |
An ethical framework for your project | p. 174 |
What practical consequences can you expect to face when researching home-based distributed learning? | p. 177 |
Guarding against the effects of automatic indicators | p. 179 |
Summary | p. 181 |
Data in Practitioner Research | p. 183 |
What counts as data? | p. 183 |
How should your data be presented? | p. 185 |
What is a corpus and do you need one? | p. 188 |
How can you store and preserve your data? | p. 188 |
What automatic tools are available for analysing CMCL data? | p. 189 |
Summary | p. 191 |
Some Possible Practitioner Research Projects | p. 192 |
How to use the project templates in this chapter | p. 192 |
Six project templates | p. 193 |
Resources | |
Resources | p. 209 |
Introduction | p. 209 |
Blogs | p. 210 |
Information centres or portals | p. 210 |
Online bibliographies | p. 215 |
Online books | p. 215 |
Online journals | p. 216 |
Online newsletters | p. 218 |
Professional organisations | p. 219 |
Tools and practical support: free | p. 219 |
Tools and practical support: pay-to-use | p. 221 |
MOOs and virtual worlds | p. 222 |
Video-streamed talks and other free educational sites | p. 223 |
Wikis | p. 224 |
Bibliography | p. 225 |
Index | p. 247 |
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