Specificity of Organic Reactivity on Mechanical Activation | p. 1 |
Introduction | p. 1 |
Subatomic Results of Mechanical Activation | p. 2 |
General Grounds of Mechanically Induced Organic Reactions | p. 3 |
Relations between Organic Material Properties and Mechanical Effects | p. 4 |
Conclusion | p. 9 |
References | p. 9 |
Mechanochromism of Organic Compounds | p. 11 |
Introduction | p. 11 |
Mechanically Induced Luminescence | p. 12 |
Luminescence Caused by Mechanical Generation of Crystal Defects or Changes in Intermolecular Contacts | p. 12 |
Luminescence Induced by Shock Waves | p. 15 |
Luminescence Induced by Pressure | p. 15 |
Piezochromism as a Result of Structural Phase Transition | p. 15 |
Piezochromism as a Result of Intramolecular Charge Transfer | p. 16 |
Piezochromism as a Result of Changes in Interactions within a Single Crystal | p. 17 |
Changes in Luminescence of Organic Solutions as a Result of a Pressure-Induced Increase in Solvent Viscosity | p. 17 |
Periodic Changes in Fluorescence Intensity as a Result of Host-Guest Complexation/Decomplexation within Compression/Expansion Cycle | p. 18 |
Coloration as a Result of Radical Ion Generation on Milling | p. 19 |
Bond-Breaking Mechanochromism | p. 20 |
Spectral Changes as a Result of Mechanically Induced Reorganization of Crystal Packing | p. 23 |
Spectral Changes as a Result of Mechanically Induced Structural Phase Transition | p. 24 |
Conclusion | p. 27 |
References | p. 28 |
Organic Reactions within Lubricating Layers | p. 31 |
Introduction | p. 31 |
Reactions of Lubricating Materials with Triboemitted Electrons | p. 32 |
Boundary Lubrication and Chemisorption | p. 36 |
Warming Effect on Lubricants upon Friction | p. 40 |
"Solvency" and Reactivity of Base Oils | p. 44 |
Chemical Origins of Additive Synergism-Antagonism | p. 50 |
Molecular Mechanisms of Dry-Sliding Lubrication | p. 52 |
Conclusion | p. 55 |
References | p. 57 |
Mechanically Induced Organic Reactions | p. 61 |
Introduction | p. 61 |
Mechanochemically Initiated Polymerization, Depolymerization, and Mechanolysis | p. 62 |
Polymerization | p. 62 |
Mechanolysis and Depolymerization | p. 64 |
Representative Examples of Mechanically Induced Organic Reactions | p. 66 |
The Newborn Surface of Dull Metals in Organic Synthesis | p. 67 |
Bismuth with Nitroarenes | p. 67 |
Tin with Benzyl Halides | p. 68 |
Aluminum/Hydrogen Plus Olefins | p. 68 |
Reactions of Triphenylphosphine with Organic Bromides | p. 68 |
Reactions of Organylarsonium or Dichoroiodate(I) with Olefins and Aromatics | p. 70 |
Reactions of Metal Fluorides with Polychloroaromatics | p. 71 |
Neutralization and Esterification | p. 71 |
Acylation of Amines | p. 73 |
Dehalogenation of Parent Organic Compounds | p. 74 |
Complexation of Organic Ligands to Metals | p. 75 |
Catalysis of Mechanochemical Organic Reactions | p. 79 |
Mechanochemical Approaches to Fullerene Reactivity | p. 82 |
Cycloaddition | p. 83 |
Functionalization | p. 84 |
Mechanically Induced Reactions of Peptides and Proteins | p. 84 |
Bond Rupture | p. 84 |
Hydrolytic Depletion | p. 85 |
Breakage of Weak Contacts | p. 85 |
Formation of Molecular Complexes | p. 85 |
Acid-Base Complexation | p. 86 |
Charge-Transfer Complexation | p. 86 |
Host-Guest Complexation | p. 87 |
Formation of Hydrogen-Bonded and van der Waals Complexes | p. 88 |
Mechanical Initiation of Intermolecular Electron Transfer and Intramolecular Electron Redistribution | p. 92 |
Mechanically Induced Conformational Transition of Organic Compounds | p. 95 |
Conclusion | p. 97 |
References | p. 98 |
Mechanically Induced Phase Transition and Layer Arrangement | p. 103 |
Introduction | p. 103 |
Liquid Crystals | p. 103 |
Molecules of a Rodlike Shape | p. 104 |
Molecules of a Helixlike Shape | p. 107 |
Molecules of a Disclike Shape | p. 107 |
Application Aspects of Liquid Crystal Lubricants | p. 108 |
Temperature Range | p. 108 |
Load Range | p. 108 |
Anticorrosive Properties | p. 109 |
Coupled Action of Humidity and High Temperature (Tropical Conditions) | p. 109 |
Mixing Liquid Crystal Additives with Base Oils | p. 109 |
Polymeric Liquid Crystals | p. 110 |
Polymers | p. 112 |
Swelling-Deswelling | p. 112 |
Mechanically Developed Preorientation | p. 115 |
Alignment on Grinding | p. 115 |
Alignment on Brushing | p. 116 |
Alignment on Friction | p. 117 |
Alignment on Crystallization | p. 118 |
Alignment on Stretching | p. 119 |
Pressure-Induced Phase Transition | p. 119 |
Conclusion | p. 121 |
References | p. 122 |
Nano- and Biolubrication | p. 125 |
Introduction | p. 125 |
Antifriction and Antiwear Nanolayers | p. 125 |
Biotribology | p. 126 |
Lubrication in Natural Joints | p. 126 |
Lubrication in Artificial Joints | p. 127 |
Redox Reaction Problems of Articulate Bioengineering | p. 129 |
Innovations in Organic Materials for Articulate Prostheses | p. 131 |
Oral Lubrication | p. 132 |
Ocular Tribology | p. 132 |
Conclusion | p. 133 |
References | p. 134 |
Concluding Remarks and Horizons | p. 137 |
Introduction | p. 137 |
Mechanochromism and Information Recording | p. 137 |
Lubricity Mechanism and Lubricant Design | p. 138 |
Specific Synthetic Opportunities of Solvent-Free Reactions | p. 139 |
Regularities in Mechanical Activation of Organic Reactions | p. 139 |
Organic Mechanochemistry and Bioengineering | p. 139 |
Examples of Innovations at the Border of Organic Mechanochemistry | p. 140 |
References | p. 141 |
Author Index | p. 143 |
Subject Index | p. 157 |
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |