Foreword
Preface to the First Edition
Preface
Acknowledgments
Part I: INTRODUCTION TO ORTHOPAEDIC IMAGING
Chapter 1: The Role of the Orthopaedic Radiologist
SUGGESTED READINGS
Chapter 2: Imaging Techniques in Orthopaedics
Choice of Imaging Modality
Imaging Techniques
Conventional Radiography
Magnification Radiography
Stress Views
Scanogram
Fluoroscopy and Videotaping
Digital (Computed) Radiography
Tomography
Computed Tomography
Arthrography
Angiography
Myelography
Diskography
Ultrasound
Scintigraphy (Radionuclide Bone Scan)
Diphosphonates
Gallium-67
Indium
Nanocolloid
Immunoglobulins
Chemotactic Peptides
Iodine
Gadolinium
PET, PET/CT, and PET/MRI
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
SUGGESTED READINGS
Chapter 3: Histology, Formation, and Growth of Bone and Articular Cartilage
Bone: Histology, Formation, and Growth
Articular Cartilage: Histology, Formation, and Growth
SUGGESTED READINGS
Part II: TRAUMA
Chapter 4: Imaging Evaluation of Trauma
Imaging Modalities
Radiography and Fluoroscopy
Computed Tomography
Scintigraphy
Ultrasound
Arthrography
Myelography and Diskography
Angiography
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Fractures and Dislocations
Diagnosis
Radiographic Evaluation of Fractures
Indirect Signs as Diagnostic Clues
Radiographic Evaluation of Dislocations
Monitoring the Results of Treatment
Fracture Healing and Complications
Other Complications of Fractures, Dislocations, and Traumatic Insults to the Bones and Soft Tissues
Stress Fractures
Injury to Soft Tissues
Sports Injuries
Upper Extremity
Weight Lifter Pectoralis
Little League Shoulder
Golfer’s Elbow
Tennis Elbow
Little League Elbow
Baseball Pitcher’s Elbow
Goalkeeper’s Elbow
Oarsman’s Wrist
Cyclist’s Wrist
Gymnast’s Wrist
Boxer’s Fracture
Skier’s Thumb
Bowler’s Thumb
Lower Extremity
Sports Hernia
Runner’s Knee (Iliotibial Band Friction Syndrome)
Jumper’s Knee
Tennis Leg
Shin Splints
Footballer’s Ankle (Athlete’s Ankle)
Snowboarder’s Fracture
Turf Toe
PRACTICAL POINTS TO REMEMBER
SUGGESTED READINGS
Chapter 5: Upper Limb I: Shoulder Girdle
Trauma to the Shoulder Girdle
Anatomic–Radiologic Considerations
Injury to the Shoulder Girdle
Fractures About the Shoulder
Dislocations in the Glenohumeral Joint
Impingement Syndrome
Rotator Cuff Tear
Injury to the Cartilaginous Labrum
Injury to the Glenohumeral Ligaments
Miscellaneous Abnormalities
Compressive and Entrapment Neuropathies of the Shoulder
Suprascapular Nerve Syndrome
Quadrilateral Space Syndrome
Parsonage-Turner Syndrome (Idiopathic Brachial Plexopathy, Neuralgic Amyotrophy)
Serratus Anterior Paralysis (Scapular Winging)
The Postoperative Shoulder
PRACTICAL POINTS TO REMEMBER
SUGGESTED READINGS
Chapter 6: Upper Limb II: Elbow
Trauma to the Elbow
Anatomic–Radiologic Considerations
Injury to the Elbow
Fractures About the Elbow
Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Capitellum
Dislocations in the Elbow Joint
Injury to the Soft Tissues
Bursitis
Compressive and Entrapment Neuropathies of the Elbow
Pronator Teres Muscle Syndrome
Supinator Muscle Syndrome
Cubital Tunnel Syndrome
PRACTICAL POINTS TO REMEMBER
SUGGESTED READINGS
Chapter 7: Upper Limb III: Distal Forearm, Wrist, Hand, and Fingers
Distal Forearm
Anatomic–Radiologic Considerations
Injury to the Distal Forearm
Fractures of the Distal Radius
Injury to the Soft Tissue at the Distal Radioulnar Articulation
Wrist and Hand
Anatomic–Radiologic Considerations
Injury to the Wrist
Fractures of the Carpal Bones
Kienböck Disease
Hamatolunate Impaction Syndrome
Dislocations of the Carpal Bones
Carpal Instability
Injury to the Bones of the Hand
Bennett and Rolando Fractures
Boxer’s Fracture
Injury to the Soft Tissue of the Hand
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Guyon Canal Syndrome
Anterior Interosseous Nerve Syndrome
Fingers
Normal Anatomy of the Fingers
Injury to the Bones and Soft Tissues of the Fingers
Gamekeeper’s Thumb
Avulsion Fractures of the Fingers
Flexor Pulley System Rupture (Climber’s Finger)
de Quervain Syndrome
Tendon and Ligament Tears
PRACTICAL POINTS TO REMEMBER
SUGGESTED READINGS
Chapter 8: Lower Limb I: Pelvic Girdle, Sacrum, and Proximal Femur
Trauma to the Pelvic Girdle
Anatomic–Radiologic Considerations
Injury to the Pelvis and Acetabulum
Classification of Pelvic Fractures
Fractures of the Pelvis
Fractures of the Acetabulum
Injuries of the Acetabular Labrum
Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome
Injury to the Sacrum
Trauma to the Proximal Femur
Fractures of the Proximal Femur
Intracapsular Fractures
Extracapsular Fractures
Dislocations in the Hip Joint
Tendon and Muscle Lesions
Compressive and Entrapment Neuropathies
Piriformis Syndrome
Iliacus Syndrome
Obturator Neuropathy
Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Neuropathy (Meralgia Paresthetica)
Morel-Lavallée Lesion (Closed Degloving Injury)
Sports Hernia
Stress and Insufficiency Fractures
PRACTICAL POINTS TO REMEMBER
SUGGESTED READINGS
Chapter 9: Lower Limb II: Knee
Trauma to the Knee
Anatomic–Radiologic Considerations
Injury to the Knee
Fractures About the Knee
Sinding-Larsen-Johansson Disease
Osgood-Schlatter Disease
Injuries to the Cartilage of the Knee
Injury to the Soft Tissues About the Knee
The Postoperative Knee
Surgical Management of Meniscal Tears
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Cartilage Repair
PRACTICAL POINTS TO REMEMBER
SUGGESTED READINGS
Chapter 10: Lower Limb III: Ankle and Foot
Trauma to the Ankle and Foot
Anatomic–Radiologic Considerations
Imaging of the Ankle and Foot
Injury to the Ankle
Fractures About the Ankle Joint
Injury to the Soft Tissues About the Ankle Joint and Foot
Injury to the Foot
Fractures of the Foot
Complications
Dislocations in the Foot
Miscellaneous Painful Soft-Tissue Abnormalities of the Ankle and Foot
Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome
Sinus Tarsi Syndrome
Posterior Tibialis Tendon Dysfunction
Chronic Tendinosis of the Posterior Tibialis Tendon
Tears of the Posterior Tibialis Tendon
Painful Accessory Navicular Bone Syndrome
Peroneal Tendinopathies
Peroneus Brevis Split Tear
Peroneus Longus Tendinosis and Tear
Peroneal Tendon Dislocation
Painful Os Peroneum Syndrome
Baxter Neuropathy
Morton Neuroma
Plantar Fasciitis
Impingement Syndromes
PRACTICAL POINTS TO REMEMBER
SUGGESTED READINGS
Chapter 11: Spine
Introduction
Cervical Spine
Anatomic–Radiologic Considerations
Injury to the Cervical Spine
Fractures of the Occipital Condyles
Occipitocervical Dislocations
Fractures of the C1 and C2 Vertebrae
Fractures of the Mid and Lower Cervical Spine
Locked Facets
Thoracolumbar Spine
Anatomic–Radiologic Considerations
Injury to the Thoracolumbar Spine
Fractures of the Thoracolumbar Spine
Fracture–Dislocations
Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis
Transitional Lumbosacral Vertebra
Injury to the Diskovertebral Junction
Orthopaedic Management
PRACTICAL POINTS TO REMEMBER
Cervical Spine
Thoracolumbar Spine
SUGGESTED READINGS
Part III: ARTHRITIDES
Chapter 12: Clinical, Imaging, and Pathologic Evaluation of the Arthritides and Arthropathies
Radiologic Imaging Modalities
Conventional Radiography
Magnification Radiography
Tomography and Computed Tomography
Scintigraphy
Ultrasound
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
The Arthritides
Diagnosis
Clinical Information
Pathology
Imaging Features
Management
Medical Treatment
Radiotherapy
Orthopaedic Treatment
Complications of Surgical Treatment
PRACTICAL POINTS TO REMEMBER
SUGGESTED READINGS
Chapter 13: Degenerative Joint Disease
Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis of the Large Joints
Osteoarthritis of the Hip
Osteoarthritis of the Knee
Osteoarthritis of Other Large Joints
Osteoarthritis of the Small Joints
Primary Osteoarthritis of the Hand
Secondary Osteoarthritis of the Hand
Osteoarthritis of the Foot
Degenerative Diseases of the Spine
Clinical Features
Pathology
Osteoarthritis of the Synovial Joints
Degenerative Disk Disease
Spondylosis Deformans
Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis
Complications of Degenerative Disease of the Spine
Degenerative Spondylolisthesis
Spinal Stenosis
Neuropathic Arthropathy
PRACTICAL POINTS TO REMEMBER
SUGGESTED READINGS
Chapter 14: Inflammatory Arthritides
Erosive Osteoarthritis
Clinical Features
Pathology
Imaging Features
Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Adult Rheumatoid Arthritis
Rheumatoid Factors
Clinical Features
Imaging Features
Complications of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Rheumatoid Nodulosis
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Still Disease
Polyarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis with Pauciarticular Onset (Oligoarthritis)
Arthritis with Enthesitis
Juvenile Psoriatic Arthritis
Imaging Features of JIA
Macrophage Activation Syndrome
Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies
Ankylosing Spondylitis
Clinical Features
Pathology
Imaging Features
Treatment
Reactive Arthritis (Reiter Syndrome)
Clinical Features
Imaging Features
Treatment
Psoriatic Arthritis
Clinical Features
Imaging Features
Treatment
Enteropathic Arthropathies
Undifferentiated Spondyloarthritis
SAPHO Syndrome
PRACTICAL POINTS TO REMEMBER
SUGGESTED READINGS
Chapter 15: Miscellaneous Arthritides and Arthropathies
Connective Tissue Arthropathies
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Clinical Features
Pathology
Imaging Features
Treatment
Scleroderma
Clinical Features
Pathology
Imaging Features
Treatment
Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis
Clinical Features
Pathology
Imaging Features
Treatment
Mixed Connective Tissue Disease
Vasculitis
Metabolic, Endocrine, and Crystal Deposition Arthropathies and Arthritides
Gout
Clinical Features
Hyperuricemia
Examination of Synovial Fluid
Pathology
Imaging Features
Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate Crystal Deposition Disease
Clinical Features
Pathology
Imaging Features
Differential Diagnosis
Calcium Hydroxyapatite Crystal Deposition Disease
Clinical Features
Imaging Features
Treatment
Hemochromatosis
Clinical Features
Pathology
Imaging Features
Treatment
Wilson Disease
Clinical Features
Imaging Features
Treatment
Alkaptonuria (Ochronosis)
Clinical Features
Imaging Features
Treatment
Hyperparathyroidism
Clinical Features
Pathology
Imaging Features
Treatment
Acromegaly
Miscellaneous Conditions
Amyloidosis
Clinical Features
Pathology
Imaging Features
Treatment
Multicentric Reticulohistiocytosis
Clinical Features
Imaging Features
Pathology
Treatment
Sarcoidosis
Clinical Features
Pathology
Imaging Features
Treatment
Hemophilia
Imaging Features
Jaccoud Arthritis
Arthritis Associated with AIDS
Infectious Arthritis
PRACTICAL POINTS TO REMEMBER
SUGGESTED READINGS
Part IV: TUMORS AND TUMOR-LIKE LESIONS
Chapter 16: Imaging Evaluation of Tumors and Tumor-like Lesions
Classification of Tumors and Tumor-like Lesions
Imaging Modalities
Conventional Radiography
Computed Tomography
PET and PET/CT
Arteriography
Myelography
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Skeletal Scintigraphy (Radionuclide Bone Scan)
Interventional Procedures
Tumors and Tumor-like Lesions of Bone
Diagnosis
Clinical Information
Choice of Imaging Modality
Radiographic Features of Bone Lesions
Pathology
Stains
Immunohistochemistry
Electron Microscopy
Genetics of Bone Tumors
Management
Monitoring the Results of Treatment
Complications
Soft-Tissue Tumors
PRACTICAL POINTS TO REMEMBER
SUGGESTED READINGS
Chapter 17: Benign Tumors and Tumor-like Lesions I: Bone-Forming Lesions
Benign Bone-Forming (Osteoblastic, Osteogenic) Lesions
Osteoma
Clinical and Imaging Features
Pathology
Differential Diagnosis
Osteoid Osteoma
Clinical and Imaging Features
Pathology
Differential Diagnosis
Complications
Treatment
Osteoblastoma
Clinical and Imaging Features
Pathology
Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
PRACTICAL POINTS TO REMEMBER
SUGGESTED READINGS
Chapter 18: Benign Tumors and Tumor-like Lesions II: Lesions of Cartilaginous Origin
Benign Chondroblastic Lesions
Enchondroma (Chondroma)
Clinical and Imaging Features
Pathology
Differential Diagnosis
Complications
Treatment
Enchondromatosis, Ollier Disease, and Maffucci Syndrome
Clinical and Imaging Features
Pathology
Complications
Osteochondroma
Clinical and Imaging Features
Pathology
Complications
Treatment
Multiple Osteocartilaginous Exostoses
Clinical and Imaging Features
Complications
Treatment
Bizarre Parosteal Osteochondromatous Proliferation
Clinical and Imaging Features
Pathology
Treatment
Chondroblastoma
Clinical and Imaging Features
Pathology
Treatment and Complications
Chondromyxoid Fibroma
Clinical and Imaging Features
Pathology
Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
PRACTICAL POINTS TO REMEMBER
SUGGESTED READINGS
Chapter 19: Benign Tumors and Tumor-like Lesions III: Fibrous, Fibroosseous, and Fibrohistiocytic Lesions
Fibrous Cortical Defect and Nonossifying Fibroma
Clinical and Imaging Features
Pathology
Complications and Treatment
Benign Fibrous Histiocytoma
Clinical and Imaging Features
Periosteal Desmoid
Clinical and Imaging Features
Pathology
Differential Diagnosis
Fibrous Dysplasia
Monostotic Fibrous Dysplasia
Clinical and Imaging Features
Pathology
Polyostotic Fibrous Dysplasia
Clinical and Imaging Features
Pathology
Complications
Fibrocartilaginous Dysplasia
Clinical, Pathologic, and Imaging Features
Associated Disorders
McCune-Albright Syndrome
Mazabraud Syndrome
Osteofibrous Dysplasia
Clinical, Imaging, and Histopathologic Features
Complications and Treatment
Desmoplastic Fibroma
Clinical and Imaging Features
Pathology
Treatment
PRACTICAL POINTS TO REMEMBER
SUGGESTED READINGS
Chapter 20: Benign Tumors and Tumor-like Lesions IV: Miscellaneous Lesions
Simple Bone Cyst
Clinical and Imaging Features
Pathology
Complications and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
Aneurysmal Bone Cyst
Clinical and Imaging Features
Pathology
Complications and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
Solid Variant of Aneurysmal Bone Cyst
Clinical and Imaging Features
Pathology
Treatment
Giant Cell Tumor
Clinical and Imaging Features
Pathology
Differential Diagnosis
Complications and Treatment
Fibrocartilaginous Mesenchymoma
Clinical and Imaging Features
Pathology
Hemangioma
Clinical and Imaging Features
Pathology
Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
Intraosseous Lipoma
Clinical and Imaging Features
Pathology
Nonneoplastic Lesions Simulating Tumors
Intraosseous Ganglion
Brown Tumor of Hyperparathyroidism
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (Eosinophilic Granuloma)
Clinical and Imaging Features
Pathology
Treatment and Prognosis
Infantile Myofibromatosis
Erdheim-Chester Disease (Lipogranulomatosis)
Medullary Bone Infarct
Myositis Ossificans
PRACTICAL POINTS TO REMEMBER
SUGGESTED READINGS
Chapter 21: Malignant Bone Tumors I: Osteosarcomas and Chondrosarcomas
Osteosarcomas
Primary Osteosarcomas
Conventional Osteosarcoma
Low-Grade Central Osteosarcoma
Telangiectatic Osteosarcoma
Giant Cell–Rich Osteosarcoma
Small Cell Osteosarcoma
Fibrohistiocytic Osteosarcoma
Intracortical Osteosarcoma
Gnathic Osteosarcoma
Multicentric (Multifocal) Osteosarcoma
Surface (Juxtacortical) Osteosarcomas
Soft-Tissue (Extraskeletal) Osteosarcoma
Osteosarcomas with Unusual Clinical Presentation
Secondary Osteosarcomas
Chondrosarcomas
Primary Chondrosarcomas
Conventional Chondrosarcoma
Clear Cell Chondrosarcoma
Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma
Myxoid Chondrosarcoma
Dedifferentiated Chondrosarcoma
Periosteal (Juxtacortical) Chondrosarcoma
Secondary Chondrosarcomas
Soft-Tissue (Extraskeletal) Chondrosarcomas
PRACTICAL POINTS TO REMEMBER
SUGGESTED READINGS
Chapter 22: Malignant Bone Tumors II: Miscellaneous Tumors
Fibrosarcoma and Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma
Clinical Features
Imaging Features
Pathology
Differential Diagnosis
Complications and Treatment
Ewing Sarcoma
Clinical Features
Imaging Features
Pathology
Differential Diagnosis
Treatment and Prognosis
Malignant Lymphoma
Clinical Features
Imaging Features
Pathology
Differential Diagnosis
Treatment and Prognosis
Myeloma
Clinical Features
Imaging Features
Pathology
Differential Diagnosis
Complications, Treatment, and Prognosis
Adamantinoma of Long Bones
Clinical and Imaging Features
Pathology
Treatment and Prognosis
Chordoma
Clinical Features
Imaging Features
Pathology
Complications, Treatment, and Prognosis
Primary Leiomyosarcoma of Bone
Clinical Features
Imaging Features
Pathology
Differential Diagnosis
Hemangioendothelioma and Angiosarcoma
Clinical Features
Imaging Features
Pathology
Benign Conditions with Malignant Potential
Medullary Bone Infarct
Chronic Draining Sinus Tract of Osteomyelitis
Plexiform Neurofibromatosis
Paget Disease
Radiation-Induced Sarcoma
Skeletal Metastases
Clinical Features
Imaging Features
Pathology
Complications
PRACTICAL POINTS TO REMEMBER
SUGGESTED READINGS
Chapter 23: Tumors and Tumor-like Lesions of the Joints
Benign Lesions
Synovial (Osteo)Chondromatosis
Clinical Features
Imaging Features
Pathology
Differential Diagnosis
Treatment and Prognosis
Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis
Clinical Features
Imaging Features
Pathology
Differential Diagnosis
Treatment and Prognosis
Synovial Hemangioma
Clinical Features
Imaging Features
Pathology
Differential Diagnosis
Treatment and Prognosis
Lipoma Arborescens
Clinical Features
Imaging Features
Pathology
Differential Diagnosis and Treatment
Malignant Tumors
Synovial Sarcoma
Clinical Features
Imaging Features
Pathology
Differential Diagnosis
Treatment and Prognosis
Synovial Chondrosarcoma
Clinical Features
Imaging Features
Pathology
Differential Diagnosis
Malignant Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis
Intraarticular Liposarcoma
PRACTICAL POINTS TO REMEMBER
SUGGESTED READINGS
Part V: INFECTIONS
Chapter 24: Imaging Evaluation of Musculoskeletal Infections
Musculoskeletal Infections
Osteomyelitis
Infectious Arthritis
Cellulitis
Infections of the Spine
Imaging Evaluation of Infections
Conventional Radiography, Computed Tomography, and Arthrography
Radionuclide Imaging
Arteriography, Myelography, Fistulography, and Ultrasound
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Invasive Procedures
Monitoring the Treatment and Complications of Infections
PRACTICAL POINTS TO REMEMBER
SUGGESTED READINGS
Chapter 25: Osteomyelitis, Infectious Arthritis, and Soft-Tissue Infections
Osteomyelitis
Pyogenic Bone Infections
Acute and Chronic Osteomyelitis
Subacute Osteomyelitis
Nonpyogenic Bone Infections
Tuberculous Infections
Fungal Infections
Syphilitic Infection
Differential Diagnosis of Osteomyelitis
Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis
Infectious Arthritides
Pyogenic Joint Infections
Complications
Nonpyogenic Joint Infections
Tuberculous Arthritis
Other Infectious Arthritides
Infections of the Spine
Pyogenic Infections
Clinical and Imaging Features
Pathology
Nonpyogenic Infections
Tuberculosis of the Spine
Coccidioidomycosis of the Spine
Soft-Tissue Infections
PRACTICAL POINTS TO REMEMBER
Osteomyelitis
Infectious Arthritis
Infections of the Spine
Soft-Tissue Infections
SUGGESTED READINGS
Part VI: METABOLIC, ENDOCRINE, AND MISCELLANEOUS DISORDERS
Chapter 26: Imaging Evaluation of Metabolic, Endocrine, and Miscellaneous Disorders
Composition and Production of Bone
Evaluation of Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders
Radiologic Imaging Modalities
Conventional Radiography
Computed Tomography
Scintigraphy
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Imaging Techniques for Measurement of Bone Mineral Density
Radionuclide and X-ray Techniques
Quantitative Ultrasound Technique
PRACTICAL POINTS TO REMEMBER
SUGGESTED READINGS
Chapter 27: Osteoporosis, Rickets, and Osteomalacia
Osteoporosis
Generalized Osteoporosis
Localized Osteoporosis
Rickets and Osteomalacia
Rickets
Infantile Rickets
Vitamin D–Resistant Rickets
Osteomalacia
Renal Osteodystrophy
PRACTICAL POINTS TO REMEMBER
SUGGESTED READINGS
Chapter 28: Hyperparathyroidism
Pathophysiology
Physiology of Calcium Metabolism
Clinical Features
Imaging Features
Pathology
Complications
PRACTICAL POINTS TO REMEMBER
SUGGESTED READINGS
Chapter 29: Paget Disease
Pathophysiology and Clinical Features
Imaging Features
Pathology
Differential Diagnosis
Complications
Pathologic Fractures
Degenerative Joint Disease
Neurologic Complications
Neoplastic Complications
Orthopaedic and Medical Management
PRACTICAL POINTS TO REMEMBER
SUGGESTED READINGS
Chapter 30: Miscellaneous Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders
Familial Idiopathic Hyperphosphatasia
Clinical Features
Imaging Features
Differential Diagnosis
Acromegaly
Clinical Features
Imaging Features
Gaucher Disease
Classification and Clinical Features
Imaging Features
Complications
Treatment
Tumoral Calcinosis
Pathophysiology and Clinical Features
Imaging Features
Treatment
Hypothyroidism
Pathophysiology and Clinical Features
Imaging Features
Complications
Scurvy
Pathophysiology and Clinical Features
Imaging Features
Differential Diagnosis
PRACTICAL POINTS TO REMEMBER
SUGGESTED READINGS
Part VII: CONGENITAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL ANOMALIES
Chapter 31: Imaging Evaluation of Skeletal Anomalies
Classification
Imaging Modalities
PRACTICAL POINTS TO REMEMBER
SUGGESTED READINGS
Chapter 32: Anomalies of the Upper and Lower Limbs
Anomalies of the Shoulder Girdle and Upper Limbs
Congenital Elevation of the Scapula
Dentate Scapula
Madelung Deformity
Anomalies of the Pelvic Girdle and Hip
Congenital Hip Dislocation (Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip)
Radiographic Features
Measurements
Arthrography and Computed Tomography
Ultrasound
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Classification
Treatment
Complications
Proximal Femoral Focal Deficiency
Classification and Imaging Features
Treatment
Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease
Imaging Features
Classification
Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis
Imaging Features
Treatment and Complications
Anomalies of the Lower Limbs
Congenital Tibia Vara
Imaging Features and Differential Diagnosis
Classification
Treatment
Dysplasia Epiphysealis Hemimelica
Imaging Features and Treatment
Talipes Equinovarus
Measurements and Radiographic Features
Treatment
Congenital Vertical Talus
Imaging Features
Treatment
Tarsal Coalition
Calcaneonavicular Coalition
Talonavicular Coalition
Talocalcaneal Coalition
PRACTICAL POINTS TO REMEMBER
SUGGESTED READINGS
Chapter 33: Scoliosis and Anomalies with General Affliction of the Skeleton
Scoliosis
Idiopathic Scoliosis
Congenital Scoliosis
Miscellaneous Scolioses
Imaging Evaluation
Measurements
Treatment
Anomalies with General Affliction of the Skeleton
Neurofibromatosis
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Classification
Imaging Features
Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
Achondroplasia
Clinical Features
Imaging Features
Complications
Differential Diagnosis
Mucopolysaccharidoses
Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva (Myositis Ossificans Progressiva)
Clinical Features
Imaging Features
Pathology
Sclerosing Dysplasias of Bone
Osteopetrosis
Pyknodysostosis (Pycnodysostosis)
Enostosis, Osteopoikilosis, and Osteopathia Striata
Progressive Diaphyseal Dysplasia (Camurati-Engelmann Disease)
Hereditary Multiple Diaphyseal Sclerosis (Ribbing Disease)
Endosteal Hyperostosis (Hyperostosis Corticalis Generalisata)
Dysosteosclerosis
Pyle Disease
Craniometaphyseal Dysplasia
Melorheostosis
Craniodiaphyseal Dysplasia
Hyperostosis Generalisata with Striations of Bones
Other Mixed Sclerosing Dysplasias
PRACTICAL POINTS TO REMEMBER
SUGGESTED READINGS
Index
