OX TB of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

Section 1: General principles and techniques Section editors: Simon Kay, David McCombe, and Daniel Wilks 1.1: Simon Kay and David McCombe: General principles and techniques 1.2: Gus McGrouther: Tissue healing 1.3: Donald Dewar: Infections 1.4: Mark Goodfield: Structure and function of the skin 1.5: Amanda Murphy, Steven F. Morris, and G. Ian Taylor: Vascular anatomy 1.6: Chetan Srinath and Alan Yates: Anaesthesia 1.7: Siobhan O'Ceallaigh and Mamta Shah: Skin grafts 1.8: Donald Dewar: Skin flaps 1.9: David McCombe and Wayne Morriso: Microsurgery 1.10: Rajib Rahim and Graham Stables: Benign skin conditions and tumours 1.11: Barbara Jemec and Gregor B. E. Jemec: Non- melanoma skin cancer and premalignant conditions 1.12: Michael Henderson, John Spillane, David Gyorki, and Christopher McCormack: Pigmented lesions and melanoma including premalignant conditions 1.13: David Stewart: Wound dressings 1.14: Ian M. Smith and Vinay Itte: Sarcoma 1.15: Daniel Wilks and Simon Kay: Vacscularized composite allotransplantation Section 2: Burns surgery Section editor: Jeremy Rawlins 2.1: Ravi F. Sood and Nicole S. Gibran: Mechanisms of burn injury: thermal, chemical, electrical, and radiation  2.2: Fiona Wood and Keith Judkins: The burned patient: physiology and pathology 2.3: Jeremy Rawlins and Isabel Jones: Adult thermal burns 2.4: Suzanne Rea and Sian Falder: The burnt child 2.5: David C.G. Sainsbury and Joel Fish: Electrical injury and burns and their management 2.6: Alexandra Murray: Chemical burns 2.7: Marc-James Hallam, Johann A. Jeevaratnam, Christopher H.E. Imray, and Tania Cubison: Cold-induced injury to the skin and deep tissues 2.8: Johann A. Jeevaratnam, Marc-James Hallam, and Tania Cubison: Radiation injury to the skin and deep tissues Section 3: Nerve surgery Section editors: Simon Kay, Mikael Wiberg, and Andrew Hart 3.1: Surgical anatomy and physiology of the intact peripheral nervous system including cranial nerves 3.1.1: Lev N. Novikov and Mikael Wiberg: Macroscopic and microscopic anatomy of the peripheral nervous system 3.1.2: Andrew Hart: Blood supply of the peripheral nerve 3.1.3: Paul J. Kingham and Mikael Wiberg: The Schwann cell 3.1.4: Staffan Johansson: Physiological requirements for action potential conduction, sensory awareness, and motor control 3.1.5: Roland S. Johansson and Per F. Nordmark: Tactile sensory control of the human hand 3.2: Andrew Hart: Neurobiology of injury (compression, traction, laceration) and repair, and grading of injuries 3.3: Clinical features of nerve injuries and their diagnosis 3.3.1   : Robert Bains and Simon Kay: Clinicopathological correlates with theoretical grades 3.3.2   : Simon Kay: Tinel-Hoffman sign 3.3.3   : Arup Mallik: Neurophysiological assessments for peripheral nerve injury 3.3.4   : Simon Kay and Robert Bains: Adult brachial plexus injury 3.3.5   : Robert Bains and Simon Kay: Brachial plexus injury in the child 3.4: Surgical management of the divided nerve and nerve grafts and transfers 3.4.1: Duncan A. McGrouther: Surgical management of the divided nerve 3.4.2: Robert Bains and Simon Kay: Nerve grafts and transfers 3.5: Birgitta Rosén and Christina Jerosch-Herold: Hand therapy after peripheral nerve injury 3.6: Lesley A. Colvin and Sebastian Bourn: Chronic postsurgical pain and complex regional pain syndrome 3.7: Compression or mechanical neuropathy 3.7.1: Andrew Hart: Pathophysiology 3.7.2: Lars B. Dahlin and Niels Thomsen: Compression neuropathies 3.7.3: Anna Barnard and Simon Kay: Thoracic outlet syndrome 3.8: Thomas J. Wilson, Carlos E. Restrepo and Robert J. Spinner: Mass lesions of the peripheral nervous system Section 4: Upper limb Section editors: Vivien Lees and James Haeney 4.1   : Anuj Mishra: Clinical assessment and imaging of the upper limb 4.2   : James Haeney: Anthropological, behavioural, and cultural characteristics of the human hand 4.3   : Vivien Lees: Applied biomechanics of the hand, wrist, and forearm  4.4   : Sophie Collier and Barbara Jemec: Soft tissue infections of the hand and upper limb 4.5   : Richard Milner: Dupuytren's disease 4.6   : David Elliot: Soft tissue reconstruction of the hand 4.7   : Alex E. Hamilton: Microsurgical reconstruction of the upper limb 4.8   : Fiona Peck: Hand therapy, rehabilitation, and rehabilitation following tendon injury 4.9   : Robert Winterton: Amputations 4.10   : David J. Shewring: Fractures of the hand and wrist 4.11   : Carlos Heras-Palou: Ligamentous injuries of the hand and wrist 4.12   : Manu Sood: Osteoarthritis of the wrist and hand 4.13   : Sohail Akhtar: Soft tissue inflammatory disorders of the hand 4.14   : Peter Burge: Inflammatory arthritis of the hand and wrist 4.15   : Fortune Iwuagwu: The flexor tendons 4.16   : Sanjib Majumder: The extensor tendons 4.17   : Cath Hernon: Tendon transfers in the hand and wrist 4.18   : Simon Kay: Reanimation in the upper limb: free functioning and pedicled muscle transfer 4.19   : David Elliot: Pain syndromes 4.20   : Wee-Leon Lam and Megan G. Davey: Embryology of the upper limb 4.21   : Grainne Bourke, Ian Grant, and Gill Smith: Management of children's hand disorder 4.22   : David McCombe: Traumatic injury to the child's hand 4.23   : Paul McArthur: Upper limb spasticity 4.24   : Vikram Devaraj: Soft tissue swellings of the hand and upper limb 4.25   : Geoffrey Hooper: Bone lesions in the upper limb and hand 4.26   : Stewart Watson: Systemic disorders reflected in the hand Section 5: Lower limb Section editor: Umraz Khan 5.1 : Umraz Khan: Classification of lower limb trauma 5.2 : Michael Kelly: Principles of acute management of lower limb trauma 5.3 : Kaz M.A. Rahman and Shehan Hettiaratchy: The devascularised limb 5.4 : Thomas C. Wright: Management of soft-tissue loss without microsurgery 5.5 : Zoran M. Arnez: Microvascular cover in the lower limb: indications and timing, flap types, and technique 5.6 : Mark Jackson: Management of bone loss 5.7 : Moazzam N. Tarar and Ata Ul Haq: Lower limb replantation 5.8 : Umraz Khan and Alan Gordon: Amputations in the lower limb 5.9 : David Wallace: Lower limb trauma outcome measures: limb salvage and amputation 5.1: Umraz Khan: Lower limb osteomyelitis 5.11: Fergal Monsell: Management of congenital limb deficiency 5.12: Fergal Monsell: Orthopaedic management of congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia 5.13: Ian Winson: How the foot and ankle works (mechanics of the foot) 5.14: Fergal Monsell: The skeletal consequences of meningococcal septicaemia Section 6: Craniofacial and cleft Section editors: Hiroshi Nishikawa, Felicity V. Mehendale, and David C.G. Sainsbury 6.1   : Jagajeevan Jagadeesan and Hiroshi Nishikawa: Classification of craniofacial anomalies 6.2   : Mark S. Lloyd: Embryology of craniofacial skeleton 6.3   : Andrew O.M. Wilkie: Genetics of craniofacial anomalies 6.4   : Nicholas White: Assessment of patients with craniosynostosis 6.5   : Christian Duncan and Hiroshi Nishikawa: Non-syndromic craniosynostosis 6.6   : Stephen Dover and Martin Evans: Syndromic craniosynostosis 6.7   : Aina V.H. Greig and David J. Dunaway: Hypertelorism and orbital dystopia 6.8   : David R. FitzPatrick: Orofacial clefts: embryology, epidemiology, and genetics 6.9   : David C.G. Sainsbury: Classification, evaluation, and management of the neonate with a cleft 6.10   : Jason Neil-Dwyer: Primary management of cleft lip and palate 6.11   : Marc C. Swan, Conrad J. Harrison, and Tim E.E. Goodacre: Outcome assessment in cleft lip and palate surgery  6.12   : Peter D. Hodgkinson: Secondary surgery in the cleft lip and palate 6.13   : David C.G. Sainsbury, Caroline C. Williams, and Felicity V. Mehendale: Velopharyngeal dysfunction Section 7: Maxillofacial trauma Section editor: Lachlan M. Carter 7.1   : Christopher J. Mannion: Assessment of the maxillofacial patient: maxillofacial trauma and ATLS® 7.2   : Lachlan M. Carter: Fractures of the mandible 7.3   : A. Nicholas Brown: Zygomatic complex fractures 7.4   : Trevor Teemul: Orbital fractures 7.5   : A. Nicholas Brown: Fractured nasal bones 7.6   : Jiten D. Parmar and Lachlan M. Carter: Management of midface fractures: maxilla 7.7   : Nabeela Ahmed, Lachlan M. Carter, and Rabindra P. Singh: Frontal sinus and nasoethmoidal injuries 7.8   : Jiten D. Parmar and Lachlan M. Carter: Sequencing of panfacial fracture repair by 7.9   : Claire Bates, Trevor Hodge, Christopher J. Mannion, and Lachlan M. Carter: Introduction to orthognathic surgery, the assessment of facial disproportion, and orthognathic treatment planning 7.10   : Claire Bates, Trevor Hodge, and Lachlan M. Carter: First and second branchial arch anomalies 7.11   : Claire Bates, Christopher J. Mannion, and Lachlan M. Carter: Common orthognathic procedures Section 8: Head and neck surgery Section editor: Maniram Ragbir 8.1   : Kristian Sørensen: The head and neck multidisciplinary team 8.2   : Charles Y.Y. Loh and Christopher G. Wallace: Anatomy and embryology of the head and neck 8.3   : Jonathan A. Dunne and Paolo L. Matteucci: Tumours of the oral cavity 8.4   : Isma Z. Iqbal, Anusha Balasubramanian, and Vinidh Paleri: Tumours of the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and hypopharynx  8.5   : Mark Puvanendran and Vinidh Paleri: Tumours of the larynx 8.6   : Ramesh Gurunathan and Vinidh Paleri: Tumours of the thyroid gland 8.7   : James Wokes and Neil McLean: Tumours of the salivary glands 8.8   : Peter Kalu and Maniram Ragbir: Tracheostomy 8.9   : Vinidh Paleri and Maniram Ragbir: Assessment and management of metastatic neck disease 8.10   : Kaz M.A. Rahman: Scalp, forehead, and calvarium reconstruction 8.11   : Mogdad Alrawi: Eyelid reconstruction 8.12   : David C.G. Sainsbury: Lip reconstruction 8.13   : Matthew Potter: Cheek reconstruction 8.14   : Michael D. Kernohan and Kelly Thornbury: Nasal reconstruction 8.15   : Jonathan Pollock and Maniram Ragbir: Reconstruction of the pharynx 8.16   : Douglas G. Bryant, Alex P. Jones, and Maniram Ragbir: Reconstruction of the mandible and maxilla  8.17   : Onur Gilleard and Kallirroi Tzafetta: Anatomy and physiology of the facial nerve and aetiology of facial nerve palsy 8.18   : Omar A. Ahmed and Richard Chalmers: Management of facial nerve palsy 8.19   : Ivan Zammit-Maempel: Radiology of the head and neck 8.20   : Charles Kelly: Adjuvant therapy for head and neck cancers Section 9: The chest and breast Section editors: Rodney Cooter, Nicola R. Dean, and Kieran Horgan 9.1   : Quoc Lam: Embryology and development of the chest wall and breast 9.2   : Harvey Stern: Deformities of the chest 9.3   : Amy E. Jeeves: Surgical anatomy of the breast 9.4   : Michelle L. Lodge: Congenital deformities of the breast 9.5   : Mark Ashton and Iain Whitaker: Preoperative imaging for autologous breast reconstruction 9.6   : Kieran Horgan, Barbara Dall, Rebecca Millican-Slater, Russell Bramhall, Fiona MacNeill, David Dodwell, Indu Chaudhuri, and Sebastian Trainor: Breast malignancy: diagnosis and management 9.7   : Nicola R. Dean: Breast reconstruction: patient assessment 9.8   : Melissa A. Mueller, Emily G. Clark, and Gregory R.D. Evans: Tissue expander and implant breast reconstruction 9.9   : Mark A. Lee: Latissimus dorsi breast reconstruction 9.10   : Janek S. Januszkiewicz: TRAM flap breast reconstruction 9.11   : Mark Ashton: DIEP Flap breast reconstruction 9.12   : Hinne A. Rakhorst: Alternative flaps for microsurgical breast reconstruction 9.13   : Wayne Morrison: The tissue-engineered breast 9.14   : Marc A.M. Mureau: Management of complications of microvascular abdominal flap breast reconstruction 9.15   : Garry Buckland: The nipple-areolar complex 9.16   : Emily G. Clark, Melissa A. Mueller, and Gregory R.D. Evans: Ancillary considerations in breast surgery 9.17   : Glenda Rudkin and Sarah Gardiner: Anaesthesia and analgesia considerations in breast surgery  9.18   : Nicola R. Dean, Rod Cooter, and Andrea L. Pusic: Measuring outcomes in plastic surgery of the breast Section 10: Abdomen Section editor: Andrew Fleming 10.1   : Kezia Echlin: Functional anatomy of the abdominal wall 10.2   : Omar A. Khan, Emma Rose McGlone, and Marcus Reddy: The open abdomen 10.3   : Kezia Echlin and Andrew Fleming: The principles of complex abdominal hernia repair 10.4   : Jonathan W.G. Lohn and Martin J.J. Vesely: Local and free flap abdominal wall repair 10.5   : Anthony Barabás and Andrew Fleming: Necrotizing fasciitis of the abdomen 10.6   : Donald Hudson and Sean Moodley: Functional anatomy of the pelvis and gluteal region 10.7   : Kezia Echlin and Andrew Fleming: Pilonidal disease 10.8   : Donald Hudson and Sean Moodley: Pressure ulcers 10.9   : Alexandra Crick: Perineal reconstruction following anorectal excision 10.10: Lucy Cogswell: Vulval and vaginal reconstruction Section 11: Urogenital surgery and gender dysphoria Section editor: Oliver Fenton 11.1   : Simon Wharton, Khurram Khan, and David Coleman: Hypospadias 11.2   : Dan Wilby and Dan Wood: Bladder exstrophy and epispadias: functional and surgical challenges 11.3   : Giulio Garaffa and David J. Ralph: Penile reconstruction 11.4   : Dan Wood: Disorders of sex development: surgical challenges 11.5   : Oliver Fenton: Gender reassignment Section 12: Cosmetic surgery Section editors: Nigel Mercer and Mark Soldin 12.1   : Nichola Rumsey and Nicole Paraskeva: Psychological assessment 12.2   : Nigel Mercer and Mark Soldin: Avoiding patient dissatisfaction: the consultation, preoperative preparation, and postoperative care 12.3   : Richard J. Barlow: Lasers and flashlamps in the treatment of skin disorders 12.4   : Sherina Balaratnam, Sami Stagnell, and Tamara W. Griffiths: Botulinum toxins 12.5   : John Dickson and Nigel Mercer: Lipomodelling 12.6   : Brett Archer: Fillers and dermabraisive therapies 12.7   : Adam Searle, Albert de Mey, and Christophe Zirak: Treatment of large and ptotic breasts 12.8   : Nagham Darhouse and Greg Williams: Hair restoration 12.9   : Norman Waterhouse, Naresh Noshi, Niall Kirkpatrick, and Lisa Brendling: Periorbital, lower face, and neck 12.10   : Lucian Ion: Primary aesthetic rhinoplasty 12.11   : Paul Johnson and David Tighe: Modification of the facial skeleton in aesthetic facial surgery 12.12   : John Dickson and Nigel Mercer: Gynaecomastia 12.13   : Marion Grob and Elliott Smock: Treatment of small breasts and inverted nipples 12.14   : Farida Ali: Asymmetry of the breast 12.15   : Nicholas Wilson Jones: Abdominal wall anatomy 12.16   : Isabel Teo and Mark Soldin: Anatomy, physiology, and pathology of body fat 12.17   : Christopher Abela and Mark Soldin: Abdominoplasty 12.18   : Marco Gasparotti, Isabel Teo, Andrea Maria Florio, Davide Lazzeri, and Mark Soldin: Liposculpture 12.19   : Lina Triana and Mildred Martínez Millán: Buttock augmentation 12.20   : Maleeha Mughal and Mark Soldin: Aesthetic surgery of the genitalia 12.21   : Alberic Fiennes: Bariatric surgery 12.22   : Mohammed Akhavani and Mark Soldin: Upper trunk and breast surgery after massive weight loss 12.23   : Dirk F. Richter and Nina Schwaiger: Lower body lift and abdominal surgery after massive weight loss 12.24   : Anthony Barabás and Mark Soldin: Thigh lift 12.25   : Charles J. Bain and Mark Soldin: Brachioplasty 12.26   : Athanasios Papas and Mark Soldin: Aesthetic surgery of the leg 12.27   : Donald Hudson: The ageing breast Section 13: The legal, ethics, and behavioural components of plastic surgery Section editor: Simon Kay 13.1   : Oliver Fenton: The ethics of gender reassignment surgery 13.2   : Maggie Bellew: Psychological consequences of the birth of a child with a congenital hand anomaly 13.3   : Maggie Bellew: Psychological assessment of cosmetic surgery patients 13.4   : Simon Kay and Maggie Bellew: Factitious injury and related conditions 13.5   : Mark Ashley: Legal aspects of consent to treatment and the nature of malpractice claims in the United Kingdom 13.6   : Simon Kay and Maggie Bellew: Consulting with children