| Acknowledgments | p. ix |
| An Introduction to Fuel Cells | p. 1 |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| What Is a Fuel Cell? | p. 2 |
| Why Do We Need Fuel Cells? | p. 4 |
| History of Fuel Cells | p. 6 |
| Mathematical Models in the Literature | p. 8 |
| Creating Mathematical Models | p. 12 |
| Chapter Summary | p. 13 |
| Problems | p. 14 |
| Bibliography | p. 14 |
| Fuel Cell Thermodynamics | p. 15 |
| Introduction | p. 15 |
| Enthalpy | p. 16 |
| Specific Heats | p. 18 |
| Entropy | p. 27 |
| Free Energy Change of a Chemical Reaction | p. 33 |
| Fuel Cell Reversible and Net Output Voltage | p. 44 |
| Theoretical Fuel Cell Efficiency | p. 44 |
| Chapter Summary | p. 47 |
| Problems | p. 47 |
| Bibliography | p. 47 |
| Fuel Cell Electrochemistry | p. 49 |
| Introduction | p. 49 |
| Basic Electrokinetics Concepts | p. 49 |
| Charge Transfer | p. 51 |
| Activation Polarization for Charge Transfer Reactions | p. 53 |
| Electrode Kinetics | p. 54 |
| Voltage Losses | p. 64 |
| Internal Currents and Crossover Currents | p. 74 |
| Chapter Summary | p. 75 |
| Problems | p. 75 |
| Bibliography | p. 76 |
| Fuel Cell Charge Transport | p. 77 |
| Introduction | p. 77 |
| Voltage Loss Due to Charge Transport | p. 77 |
| Electron Conductivity of Metals | p. 88 |
| Ionic Conductivity of Polymer Electrolytes | p. 89 |
| Chapter Summary | p. 94 |
| Problems | p. 96 |
| Bibliography | p. 96 |
| Fuel Cell Mass Transport | p. 97 |
| Introduction | p. 97 |
| Fuel Cell Mass Balances | p. 98 |
| Convective Mass Transport from Flow Channels to Electrode | p. 108 |
| Diffusive Mass Transport in Electrodes | p. 110 |
| Convective Mass Transport in Flow Field Plates | p. 114 |
| Mass Transport Equations in the Literature | p. 120 |
| Chapter Summary | p. 124 |
| Problems | p. 124 |
| Bibliography | p. 125 |
| Heat Transfer | p. 127 |
| Introduction | p. 127 |
| Basics of Heat Transfer | p. 128 |
| Fuel Cell Energy Balances | p. 132 |
| Fuel Cell Heat Management | p. 156 |
| Chapter Summary | p. 164 |
| Problems | p. 164 |
| Bibliography | p. 165 |
| Modeling the Proton Exchange Structure | p. 167 |
| Introduction | p. 167 |
| Physical Description of the Proton Exchange Membrane | p. 168 |
| Types of Models | p. 171 |
| Proton Exchange Membrane Modeling Example | p. 177 |
| Chapter Summary | p. 192 |
| Problems | p. 193 |
| Bibliography | p. 193 |
| Modeling the Gas Diffusion Layers | p. 197 |
| Introduction | p. 197 |
| Physical Description of the Gas Diffusion Layer | p. 198 |
| Basics of Modeling Porous Media | p. 199 |
| Modes of Transport in Porous Media | p. 202 |
| Types of Models | p. 210 |
| GDL Modeling Example | p. 215 |
| Chapter Summary | p. 236 |
| Problems | p. 236 |
| Bibliography | p. 239 |
| Modeling the Catalyst Layers | p. 243 |
| Introduction | p. 243 |
| Physical Description of the PEM Fuel Cell Catalyst Layers | p. 245 |
| General Equations | p. 246 |
| Types of Models | p. 248 |
| Heat Transport in the Catalyst Layers | p. 255 |
| Chapter Summary | p. 262 |
| Problems | p. 265 |
| Bibliography | p. 265 |
| Modeling the Flow Field Plates | p. 269 |
| Introduction | p. 269 |
| Flow Field Plate Materials | p. 271 |
| Flow Field Design | p. 272 |
| Channel Shape, Dimensions, and Spacing | p. 275 |
| Pressure Drop in Flow Channels | p. 276 |
| Heat Transfer from the Plate Channels to the Gas | |
| Chapter Summary | p. 296 |
| Problems | p. 296 |
| Bibliography | p. 297 |
| Modeling Micro Fuel Cells | p. 299 |
| Introduction | p. 299 |
| Micro PEM Fuel Cells in the Literature | p. 301 |
| Microfluidics | p. 307 |
| Flow Rates and Pressures | p. 313 |
| Bubbles and Particles | p. 314 |
| Capillary Effects | p. 315 |
| Single- and Two-Phase Pressure Drop | p. 316 |
| Velocity in Microchannels | p. 318 |
| Chapter Summary | p. 330 |
| Problems | p. 330 |
| Bibliography | p. 332 |
| Modeling Fuel Cell Stacks | p. 335 |
| Introduction | p. 335 |
| Fuel Cell Stack Sizing | p. 335 |
| Number of Cells | p. 337 |
| Stack Configuration | p. 338 |
| Distribution of Fuel and Oxidants to the Cells | p. 340 |
| Stack Clamping | p. 346 |
| Chapter Summary | p. 359 |
| Problems | p. 360 |
| Bibliography | p. 360 |
| Fuel Cell System Design | p. 365 |
| Introduction | p. 365 |
| Fuel Subsystem | p. 366 |
| Chapter Summary | p. 390 |
| Problems | p. 390 |
| Bibliography | p. 391 |
| Model Validation | p. 393 |
| Introduction | p. 393 |
| Residuals | p. 393 |
| Normal Distribution of Normal Random Errors | p. 398 |
| Missing Terms in the Functional Part of the Model | p. 401 |
| Unnecessary Terms in the Model | p. 405 |
| Chapter Summary | p. 407 |
| Problems | p. 408 |
| Bibliography | p. 408 |
| Appendix A | p. 409 |
| Appendix B | p. 411 |
| Appendix C | p. 413 |
| Appendix D | p. 415 |
| Appendix E | p. 417 |
| Appendix F | p. 419 |
| Appendix G | p. 427 |
| Appendix H | p. 429 |
| Appendix I | p. 431 |
| Appendix J | p. 433 |
| Index | p. 435 |
| Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |
